TSCHAGRA AUSTRALIS 375 
Pomatorhynchus congener, Sharpe, Handl. B. iv. p. 300 (1903). 
Telephonus australis congener, Sclater, Ibis, 1911, p. 286 Coguwno. 
Telephonus minor (non Reichen.) Stoehr and W. Sclater, J. 8. Afr. Orn. 
Union, 1906, p. 95 Zambesi Valley. 
Subspecies e.—T'schagra frater. 
Pomatorhynchus australis frater, Reichen. J. f. O. 1902, p. 258 Camaroon 
to Loango ; id. Vég. Afr. ii. p. 546 (1903); Bates, Ibis, 1909, p. 33 ; 
Reichen. Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, v. p. 222 (1911) Camaroon. 
Pomatorhynchus frater, Sharpe, Handl. B. iy. p. 300 (1903); Sharpe, 
Ibis, 1908, p. 335 Camaroon. 
Adult. Forehead, crown, and back dark ashy brown, the crown often 
a little darker and faintly streaked with dusky; centre pair of tail- 
feathers dusky, cross banded with numerous black bands, sometimes 
rather obscure; rest of the tail-feathers black with broad white tips and 
white outer margins to the two outer pairs only ; wing bright cinnamon, with 
the central portion of the feathers of the scapulars, the inner greater coverts 
and the secondaries black; inner webs of the primaries blackish brown; 
under wing-coverts and inner lining of the quills generally faintly washed 
with rufous; side of the head with a broad buffy eyebrow generally 
becoming whitish anteriorly, this is separated from the brown of the crown 
by a band of black, and below by another black band running through the 
eye; cheeks and ear-coverts greyish fading to white on the chin; rest of the 
under parts including the under tail-coverts yellowish buff with a slight 
greyish wash on the flanks. Iris dark red with an outer ring of whitish, 
bill black, feet lead-colour. Length 7°75 inches, wing 3:1, tail 3°6, culmen 
0:70, tarsus 1:05. Rustenburg, 9, 18. 7. 78. (Lucas). 
Immature. Have the bill light horny, not black. 
Subspecies T. a. congener. Resembles 7’. australis, but has the back of a 
less ashy and more buffy shade, the eyebrow paler, nearly white, the under 
parts paler and whiter, the centre of the abdomen white but the breast, 
flanks and under tail-coverts a very pale ashy not buffy. Wing 3-0, culmen 
0-60. Near Tete, 9, 25. 8. 98, (Alexander). 
Subspecies T'. a. frater. Resembling 7. a. congener, but somewhat darker 
above and of a more rufous shade of brown; below white on the centre of the 
abdomen and chin, the breast and flanks washed with olivaceous ashy, the 
under tail-coverts faintly tinged with buffy; bill longer and stouter. Wing 
3:1, culmen 0:75. RiverJa, 3, 23. 5. 04. (Bates). 
Subspecies T. a. emini. Hardly distinguishable from 7. a. frater, except 
that the ashy wash of the under parts is more olivaceous, and extends over 
the sides of the body and the under tail-coverts, while the breast is as a rule 
ashy without olivaceous. Wing 3°3, culmen 0°75. Ruwenzori, 3, 14. 5. 06. 
(Dent). 
