376 TSCHAGRA AUSTRALIS 
Subspecies T. a. minor. Like 7. a. emint, but the sides of the body and 
under tail-coverts pale buffy ochraceous, fainter on the breast, and altogether 
rather smaller, intermediate between 7’. a. emini and T’. a. congener, with which 
it agrees in size. Wing 3:0. Kilimanjaro, ¢, 16.6. 10 (Kemp). 
Subspecies T. a. ussheri. Hardly separable from T. a. frater and T. a 
emini, except by its smaller size and its under parts with less olive and more 
ashy. Wing 2°8, culmen 0:70. Volta River, type, 1870 (Ussher.) 
This species was originally discovered by Sir A. Smith 
when he made his journey to “Central Africa” in 1834. 
He found it near Kurrichane in what is now the Rustenburg 
district of the Transvaal. The subspecies as now restricted 
ranges from Griqualand West north of the Orange River, to the 
north of Angola on the west and to Gazaland on the east. 
Andersson found it by no means uncommon in southern 
Damaraland, where it confines itself to dense thickets and 
low bushes. It hops about incessantly, flitting rapidly from 
twig to twig and passing out of sight almost at once. 
Andersson found two nests in the month of January ; they were 
composed of stalks of plants loosely put together and lined 
with stalks of a similar kind; both nests were in low bushes and 
contained three eggs; they were obtained at Ondonga and are 
now in the British Museum. Eriksson found similar nests in 
the Tebra country near Lake Ngami (Stark and Sclater, p. 23), 
Haagner on the Crocodile River in the Pretoria district and 
Capt. Jourdain about 18 miles east of Pretoria on September 18. 
The eggs are white with irregular purplish brown streaks and 
scrawls, and underlying leaden grey markings, and average 
about 0°85 x 0°65. 
Swynnerton found this subspecies common on the borders 
of the South Melsetter district of southern Rhodesia, where it 
is called “ Umqubana” by the natives. He found it moving 
about quickly at the edge of the bush, or feeding along the 
eround and at once disappearing into dense bush or thick 
herbage when seen. Three stomachs examined contained grass- 
hoppers, a mantis case, beetles, and other insect debris. 
