380 TSCHAGRA TSCHAGRA 
Telephonus australis longirostris, Neumann, J. f. O. 1907, p. 371. , 
Telephonus erythropterus (non Shaw), Gadow Cat. B. M. viii. p. 121 
(1883). ; 
Le Tschagra, Levaillant, Ois d’Afr. ii. p. 81, pl. 70 (1799) Gamtoos River. 
Subspecies Tschagra natalensis. 
Pomatorhynchus tschagra, var. natalensis, Reichenow, Vog. Afr. ii. p. 544 
(1903) Durban. 
Adult. — Upper parts brown, with an olive tinge, the crown slightly 
darker, and less olivaceous, shading into slate-grey on the upper tail-coverts ; 
central pair of tail-feathers dark brown, with obsolete darker bars; 
remainder of tail black, with broad white ends; scapulars and wings 
brown, with the outer half of the coverts and the edges of the quills bright 
deep cinnamon; under surface of wings nearly uniform dusky grey, with a 
white margin to the bend of the wing; a broad white eyebrow from the 
nostril to side of nape, partly margined above by a few black feathers on 
side of crown, and entirely margined below by a jet black band; remainder 
of sides of head ashy, inclining to white at the eyelid, and towards the 
chin, and shading into deeper grey on the remainder of the under parts. 
‘Tris brown, bill black; legs grey” (Ayres). Total length 8:0 inches, 
culmen 0:95, wing 3:2, tail 3°4, tarsus 1:10. Hlands Post (Atmore). 
Subspecies T'. t. natalensis. Differing in the rich rufous brown of the 
crown and in the rufous wash which covers the back, and in the shorter wing 
and bill. Wing 3:05, culinen 0°80. Durban, 3, 1. 11. 75 (Ayres). 
Levaillant’s Tschagra ranges along the south coast of 
South Africa from Knysna to Durban. 
It was first discovered by Levaillant in the neighbourhood 
of the Gamtoos River, west of Port Elizabeth. He gives a very 
fair description of the bird, and a quite recognizable figure, 
which recently Neumann has endeavoured to put on one side 
as a “mixtum compositum.” Levaillant does not state that 
the crown of the male is black, but that it is “d’un noir bruni 
léger teint d’olivatre.” Neumann also endeavours to show 
that the young bird described by Levaillant is 7’. australis of 
Smith, but Levaillant never went into the country where 7’. 
australis is found, and he distinctly states that he never found 
the Tschagra in the country of the ‘“ Namaquois.” 
I therefore agree with Haagner in retaining for this 
