MALACONOTUS HYPOPYRRHUS 409 
of Lake Tanganyika by Carruthers, and at Karungwisi, near 
Lake Mweru, by Sir A. Sharpe. 
In north-east Africa the Grey-headed Bush-Shrike has been 
separated by Neumann as a sub-species, and is distinguish- 
able by the absence of the orange wash on the crop and 
breast. Neumann’s type was obtained by Heuglin at Bongo 
in what is now the Bahr el Ghazal Province of the Sudan. 
Butler collected one specimen only at Gallabat on the 
Sudan-Abyssinian frontier, and others in the Bahr el Ghazal, 
Degen, one at Hiressa in Abyssinia, at an elevation of 8,000 ft., 
on June 16, and Zedlitz, a single example on the Tacazze 
River in northern Abyssinia. 
Nothing has been recorded on the habits or nidification 
of the species. 
Malaconotus hypopyrrhus. 
Malaconotus hypopyrrhus, Hartl. Verz. Brem. Samml. p. 61 (1844) 
*¢ Africa.” 
Malaconotus poliocephalus hypopyrrhus, Neum. J. f. O. 1906, p. 156. 
Laniarius hypopyrrhus, Ogilvie-Grant, Ibis, 1908, p. 288. 
Laniarius starki, W. L. Sclater, Ibis, 1901, p. 153 S. Africa; Sclater 
and Stark, Bds. S. Afr. ii. p. 41 (1901); Shortridge, Ibis, 1904, 
p. 183 Pondoland ; Stoehr and Sclater, J. 8. Afr. Orn. Union, 1906, 
p. 95 Zambesi ; Taylor, ibid. 1907, p. 21 Swaziland ; Swynnerton, 
Ibis, 1907, p. 49, 1908, p. 60 Gazaland. 
Malaconotus starki, Sharpe, Handl. B. iv. p. 289 (1903). 
Malaconotus olivaceus starki, Reichen. Vég. Afr. ii. p. 603 (1903) ; 
Sclater, Ibis, 1911, p. 290 S. H. Africa. 
Malaconotus poliocephalus, Gadow, Cat. B. M. viii. p. 156 (1883) im part. 
Malaconotus blanchoti (non Steph.), Shelley, B. Afr. i. No. 778 (1896). 
Adult. Similar to M. poliocephalus, from which it differs in having a 
well-marked rufous shade on the lower throat and front of the chest; and 
from M. approximans, in the region of the crop being paler, of a cinnamon 
rather than a chestnut shade. ‘Iris yellow; bill black; legs grey”; wing 
4-5 inches. Durban, ¢ (T. L. Ayres). The young bird has a brown bill. 
The Southern Grey-headed Bush-Shrike ranges along the 
east and south-east coast of Africa, from about the Pangani 
River in German East Africa to Pondoland in Eastern Cape 
