448 EUROCEPHALUS RUEPPELLI 
Adult. Similar to H. anguitimens, from which it differs in having the 
upper back darker brown; upper tail-coverts, base of tail, abdomen and under 
tail-coverts white ; sides of chest, flanks and thighs dark brown (these latter 
parts and the under wing-coverts are somewhat variable in their shade of 
colouring). ‘Iris dark brown; bill black; feet dark grey.’ Total length 
9 inches, culmen to point of feathers 0°55, wing 5:0, tail 3-9, tarsus 0:9. 
Miessa, 3, 2. 7.02 (Degen). Jemale, wing 4:9, tail 3:7, Daro, 3. 12. 94 
(Gillett). 
Immature. Differ from adults in having the crown brown becoming 
creamy white on the nape, the back with obscure pale edges to the feathers 
and the wing-coverts, and inner secondaries edged with sandy buff; the 
ear-coverts are white and the forepart of the face black. 
Riippell’s White-crowned Shrike ranges from north Nyasa- 
land into southern Abyssinia, Somaliland and the upper 
White Nile Valley. They are very noisy, but shy birds; 
they pair for the breeding season, but at other times are to 
be met with in small parties of rarely more than twenty 
individuals, and they frequent well-foliaged trees in pursuit 
of their insect food. 
In British Central Africa, near the northern end of Lake 
Nyasa, Sir Alfred Sharpe procured two specimens, which, like 
one of Sir John Kirk’s from Ugogo, has the mantle, sides 
of the chest and under wing-coverts rather pale. The species 
is very generally distributed over German Hast Africa, where 
it has been obtained as far south as the Bengu and Ubena 
countries (Fiilleborn) and at Iringo in Uhehe (Stierling). 
Béhm, who gives some notes on its habits (J. f. O. 1883, 
p. 185), records it from Igonda and Kakoma. At Kikombo 
in the Ugogo district Dr. S. T. Pruen found the species 
which is there known to the natives as the ‘“ Kungwepala.” 
Mr. Oscar Neumann met with this Shrike at many places 
from the Pangani River into the Kavirondo country and 
found its nest at Kitoto, in the last-named district, on 
March 15. The nest was strongly constructed of grass- 
stalks covered with spiders’ web and vegetable down, and 
