COLIUSPASSER 31 
b+. Lesser wing-coverts never scarlet; wing 
less than 4°5. 
c?. All the wing-coverts black. 
. Back of crown, nape and a collar 
Bearletpem len 1: 5 6 6 6 0 on Uelgteunelany. 
me red on the head: 
4, A collar across the lower throat 
searlet or yellow ... . . . ardens. 
b*, Entire plumage black . . . . . concolor. 
d?, Lesser wing-coverts chestnut or yellow. 
c’. A large patch of white on the wing. 
c+, Lesser wing-coverts chestnut . . eques. 
d*. Lesser wing-coverts yellow. 
a>, Tail shorter, about 3-4. . . . albonotatus. 
b>, Tail longer, about 5:5 . . . . asymmetrurus. 
d’, No patch of white on the wing. 
e*, Lesser wing-coverts yellow. 
OP, Smaller; wing not more than 3:5. 
. Upper back yellow . . macrourus 
a Upper back black ; aanioantie: 
coverts whitish with the bend 
of the wing yellow. 
a’. Larger; wing3'5 . . . . macrocercus. 
b7. Smaller; wing 3-2. . . . soror. / 
d>, Larger; wing not less than 3.9. 
c®. Upper wing-coverts, excepting 
the least series, sandy buff ; 
under wing-coverts mostly 
black; tail-feathers very nar- 
row . . psammacromius. 
d®, Median covert alert Ces, 
like the outer under wing- 
coverts; remainder of made 
wing-coverts black ; _ tail- 
feathers broad. . . : hartlaubt. 
f*. Lesser wing-coverts sandy ROR 
scarcely darker than the under 
coverts ; tail very long and arched jacksoni. 
b. Upper parts mottled—sandy brown with 
blackish centres to the feathers; a broad buff 
eyebrow ; under parts whitish with the crop 
and flanks shaded with brown . . . . . Adult males in winter, fe- 
males, and young birds. 
et. Under wing-coverts black. 
