i? res = a soe, ~! See ee, eee 
66 KEY TO THE GENERA. 
(¢) Bill— strongly epignathous, toothed and notched near tip. Gray, wings and tail black, . COLLURIO 
—paragnathous. Not7 in. long; b. nearly =hd., wg. much>tL., trs.not>3tcl, . . . . SITTA 
— barely or not } as long as hd.—Crested, . . LOPHOPHANES 
—Not crested. (c¢?) 
(c2) Head yellow; bend of wing chestnut, . . . . AURIPARUS 
—not yell.; crown and throat blk. or dark,. . . . PARUS 
— crown ashy or light brown, . PSALTREPARUS 
15 
13 
14 
—Over7long. Crested. Blue, with black bars on wings and tail, . Cyanurus 100 
No crest. Iridescent b/k. and wht.; wgs.much<tl, . . PIcA 
—Uniform glossy bik.; wgs.much>tl, . . CoRyusS 
— Gray; bik. wgs.> blk. and wht. tail, PICICORVUS 
99 
95 
96 
— Gray; no blue; wgs.about=tail, . PERISOREUS 103 
— Blue, &c., no green or yellow, . . APHELOCOMA 101 
— Blue, black, green and yellow, . . . XANTHOURA 102 
(d) Length over 14 inches; color dark brown; rounded tail not< wings, .. +. . + + PSILORHINUS 
—10—12 inches; color all blue, square tail< wings, . . .... +... . + « GYMNOKITTA 
—7—S inches; glossy black (@ brown) with large white wing patch. Crested, . PH®NOPEPLA 
—41!—b5L inches; brown, streaked, below white, tail feathers rigid, acuminate, . . . CERTHIA 
—4—5 inches; bluish gray, unstreaked, below wht., tail soft, blk. and white, . . POLIOPTILA 
—4—5in.; olive-green, below yellowish, tail like back, pill not hooked, . . PHYLLOPNEUSTE 
—4}—61; greenish or grayish olive, wht’sh or yell’sh below, bill distinctly hooked at tip, VIREO 
(d) Birds presenting no one of the foregoing combinations of characters. (d?) 
(a2) Rictus bristled; inner toe cleft to base; wg. not < tail; b. little<head, .. . . OREOSCOPTES 
—<tail; billmuch<head, ... . . Mirus 
—little<,=, or>hd., HARPORHYNCHUS 
—unbristled; breast— with distinct round black spots; b.<hd., . . . . CAMPYLORHYNCHUS 
—unspotted; back— uniform in color; wg.=or< tail; b.<head, . TurRyoTHorus 
—speckled: throat pure white; b.nearly=hd., . . . CATHERPES 
—streaked; b.much<hd, . . . SALPINCTES 
— barred crosswise; tailnearly=wg.; ... . . . TROGLODYTES 
—much<weg., . - . . . . ANORTHURA 
— streaked lengthwise; bill about § as long as phead: TELMATODYTES 
—hardly or not }=hd., . CisTorHorRus 
(e) Bill metagnathous ; both mandibles faleate, their points crossed, . . . . - . » « CURYVIROSTRA 
(e) Tarsus scutellate behind: hind claw straight ; nostrils concealed; little ear tufts, . . « EREMOPHILA 
(e) Quills (usually) tipped with red horny appendages ; tail tipped with yellow. Crested, . . . AMPELIS 
(e) Tomia of up. mand. toothed or lobed near middle. Bright red, or greenish and yellow, . . PYRANGA 
(e) Greenish or grayish-olive, below golden yellow, belly white, lores black. Length 7-8 inches, . ICTERIA 
(e) Greenish or grayish-olive, below white or yellow; bill notched and hooked at tip. Length 5;—6;, VIREO 
(e) Birds with no one of these special characters.— Commissure* straight or gently curved. (f£) 
— Commissure* abruptly angulated. (i) 
-(f) Bill triangular-depressed, about as wide at base as long, gape twice as long as culmen, reaching 
to about opposite eyes, trs. not > outer lateral toe and claw; 1st primary =or>2d. (g) 
(£) Bill not nearly so wide as long, gape not twice as long as culmen; trs. > lateral toes. (h) 
(g) Outer web of 1st primary saw-like, with a series of minute recurved hooks,. . . STELGIDOPTERYX 
(g) A little feathery tuft at base of hind toe. Plain gray, below white, breast like back, . . . COTYLE 
(g) No hooks nor tuft. Tail deeply forked, outer feathers attenuate, or with white spots, . . HiRUNDO 
— forked. Below, pure white; above, lustrous or velvety. . . TACHYCINETA 
— forked. Uniform lustrous blue-black, or partly white below, . . PROGNE 
— barely or not forked. Rump not colored like back, . . . PETROCHELIDON 
(h) Longest secondary nearly = primaries in closed wing; hind claw slightly curved, twice as long 
as middle claw.—Tail not < wing. No spots or streaks below, ... .. . +. . . . BUDYTES 
—< wing; trs.>hind toe andclaw. Breast spotted, . . . . . ANTHUS 
—not> tcl. Back and breast spotted, - « « » NEOCORYS 
(h) Longest secondary much < primaries in closed wing; hind claw well curved, not nearly twice 
as long as middle claw. (h*) 
(h2) Rictus with many conspicuous bristles reaching decidedly beyond nostrils. (h*) 
(h2) Rictus with no evident bristles or a few short ones reaching little if any beyond nostrils. (4) 
(h®) Bill barely or not twice as long as wide at base; tail blk. and orange, or brn, and yell., SETOPHAGA 
(hb) Bill fully twice as long as wide; tail unmarked, or with white blotches, . . . . MYIODIOCTES 
(bh!) Trs. <, or about=3tel.; hind toe much> its claw. Entirely blk. and wht., streaked, MNIOTILTA 
—little>its claw; breast andrump yellow, . . . CERTHIOLA 
(h‘) Trs.>3tel.; tl. not<wgs. Olive, with yell. below, hd. of & with blk. orashy, . . GEOTHLYPIS 
—<wes.; tail feathers ye/ow on inner webs, dusky on outer webs, DENDROECA 
—all unmarked, same color on both webs. (h5) 
—(some or all) marked with white blotches. (h®) 
98 
97 
* As this important distinction may not be perfectly plain to the student in some dried (especially if distorted) speci- 
imens, it may help him to be here told, that (/) will take him to the swallows and the great warbler group of little insec- 
tivorous birds; while (2) will carry him to the blackbirds, orioles, meadow starlings, cowbirds, and bobolinks, and the 
great controstral granivorous finch family, including grosbeaks, linnets, buntings, finches, and all the sparrows. 
9 
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bisa a gi gS Bel, # en 
