76 SAXICOLIDA, BLUEBIRDS.—GmN. 5, 6. 
Family SAXICOLIDA. Stone-chats and Bluebirds. 
Chiefly Old World ; represented in North America by one European strageler and 
the familiar bluebirds ; authors assign different limits to it, and frequently trans- 
pose the genera; it might come under Twrdide 
without violence. As usually constituted, it 
contains upwards of one hundred species, com- 
monly referred to about a dozen genera. Like 
most other groups of Passeres, it has never been 
defined with precision, the family being known, 
conventionally, by the birds ornithologists put 
in it. The following birds have booted tarsi; 
oval nostrils; bristled rictus; rather short, 
Fic. 17. Stone-chat; natural size. square or emarginate tail; long, pointed wings, 
with very short spurious Ist quill, and the tip formed by the 2d, 3d and 4th quills. 
5. Genus SAXICOLA Bechstein. 
Stone-chat. Wheat-ear. Adult :—ashy gray; forehead, superciliary line 
and under parts white, latter often brownish-tinted; upper tail coverts 
white, wings and tail black, latter with most of the feathers white for half 
their length ; line from nostril to eye, and broad band on side of head, black ; 
bill and feet black ; young everywhere ‘cinnamon-brown, paler below ; wing 
34, tail 24, tarsus 1; middle toe and claw 3. Atlantic coast, astray from 
Europe vid Greenland; also, North Pacific Coast, from Asia. Cass., IIl., 
2085) pl. O41; HD., 220 sand: deve Oily) s) ) rer eeeutsy es) espe seu veematCNAUNGIQERT ETS 
: 6. Genus SIALIA Swainson. 
*.* More or less blue: bill and feet black; 2 grayish or brownish, with blue 
traces, especially on rump, wings and tail. Young like the 2, but curiously 
spotted. 6-7 long, wing 33-44, tail 23-3}, bill 4 or less, tarsus # or less. 
Eastern Bluebird. @ rich sky-blue, uniform above; below reddish- 
brown, belly white. Eastern U. S. Wits. i, 56, pl. 3; Nur. i, 445; 
Ls LVL spl. LEAS IBD. 5 222 25 eee eh, seats oun fees Re een S PALS 
Western Bluebird. @ above, and the throat, deep blue, with a dorsal 
patch of same color as breast and sides, which are rather darker than in the 
last species ; belly dull bluish-gray. Rocky Mountains to Pacific. Nurr., 
1, Olds AwD., ii, 176, spl.i3o% bps, 223) Coops, 28.) a. = MEXICANS 
Arctic Bluebird. @ everywhere clear pale blue, with a faint green 
shade, paler below, fading into white on belly. Chiefly central region of 
N. A., from 65° into Mexico; also Pacific coast. Nurr., 514; Aup., ii, 
Vkohy eles lei EER Coro yb 6 Glee 986 Gy oe 6 VANORUGA. 
Family CINCLIDA. Dippers. 
Aquatic! thrush-like birds (formerly included under Turdide), with thickset 
bodies, compact plumage to resist water, short, stiff, concave wings, with 10 prima- 
