ie ee lt i i ae ie ae nae 
PARIDE, TITMICE OR CHICKADEES.—GEN. 13, 14. 81 
throat pure black; sides of head and neck white, commonly striped with 
black in two or three places ; crest like back, margined with black ; smallest ; 
5-54; wing and tail about 24; young with the 
black head-markings obscure. New Mexico, 
Arizona, and southward. Cass., Ill., 19; Bop., 
DOR COOP. 40... 5,4 = ~~  WOLLWEBERI. 
13. Genus PARUS Linnzus. 
* Crown and nape, with chin and throat, black, 
separated by ashy or whitish; above brownish or 
grayish ash, often with faint olivaceous tinge ; below 
whitish or rusty or brownish shaded on sides ; wings 
and tail plain, more or less whitish-edged. 
+ No white superciliary line. 
Titmouse. Black-capped Chickadee. Average 
dimensions : — Length 54; extent 84; wing and 
tail, each, 24; tarsus 7-10.  Hxtremes:— 
Length 43-53; extent 73-84; wing and tail ; 
24-28; tarsus 3-3. North America. Every- Pagroes ee Th 
where abundant. Wits., i, 137, pl. 8,f.4; Aun., ii, 146, pl. 126; Nurr., 
4A Ds, O90: Ss te) eee PAT RIOAP TE TUSs 
Var. SEPTENTRIONALIS. Long-tailed Chickadee. Averaging larger; paler below, 
and less shaded on sides; wings and tail much edged with whitish; tail longer 
compared with the wings (nearly or quite 3). Missouri and Rocky Mountain re- 
gion, Cass., Ill., 80, pl. 14; Bop., 389. 
Var. CAROLINENSIS. Carolina Titmouse. Averaging smaller than P. atrica- 
pillus; wings and tail less edged with whitish. Eastern United States, southerly. 
Awp., ii, 152, pl. 127; Bp., 392. 
+> Var. OCCIDENTALIS. Western Titmouse. Size of the first; said to be darker, 
with longer tarsi. Pacific Coast. Bup., 391. 
77 A distinct white line in the black over eyes and across forehead. 
Mountain Chickadee. Otherwise exactly like P. atricapillus. Rocky 
Mountains to Pacific. Bp., 394; Exxiot, pl. 2; Coor., 46. . MONTANUS. 
** Body with chestnut brown; chin and throat brownish-black. 
Hudsonian Chickadee. Pale olive-brown; crown similar but browner ; 
below on sides, and behind, pale chestnut. About 5; wing 2%, tail 2%. 
British America into Northern States (Alaska, Dall). Aup., ii, 155, pl. 
123; Bo., 395. Var. littoralis is described from Nova Scotia. HUDSONIUS. 
Chestnut-backed Chickadee. Crown, nape and throat alike in color, sooty 
brown; back and sides chestnut. Under 5; wing 2%, tail less. Pacific 
coast. AUD., ii, 158, pl. 129; Bp., 394; Coop., 47. . . . RUFESCENS. 
14. Genus PSALTRIPARUS Bonaparte. 
Dwarfs among pygmies! 33-4} long; wing 2 or less, tail 2 or more; ashy or 
KEY TO N. A. BIRDS. 11 
ke 
a 
