96 SYLVICOLIDEH, WARBLERS. — GEN. 35. 
species ; I believe it to be an infallible key to the perfect male plumages, and that it 
will probably hold good for spring specimens of both sexes of many species; but 
it will fail for nearly all autumnal and most female specimens of (b). It is difficult 
if not impossible to meet the varied requirements of these by rigid analysis; and 
recourse must be had to the detailed descriptions of the species arranged in what 
seems to be their natural sequence. The supplementary table of certain peculiar- 
ities may, however, prove of much assistance, though it is not a complete analysis. 
ANALYSIS OF PERFECT SPRING MALES. 
Tail feathers edged with yellow, . . . co AA . estiva. 
Tail feathers blotched with white; a hike apot x the base of price fea, eee, onsite cerulescens. 
—no white spot at base of primaries. (a) 
(a) Wing-bars not white. Below, white, sides chestnut-streaked, crown yellow, . pennsylvanica. 
— yellow; sides reddish-streaked, crown reddish, . . . . . . palmarwm. 
— black-streaked; above, ashy, . . - . . . kirtlandii. 
— olive, redaiahe Siroaked. - discolor. 
(a) Wing-bars white (sometimes fused into one large white patch). (b) 
(b) Crown blue, like the back; below, white, sides and breast streaked, . ..... - cerulea. 
— chestnut, like the throat; below, and sides of neck, buffy tinged, ere + . castanea. 
— clear ash; rump and under parts yellow, breast and sides black-streaked, » maculosa. 
— blackish, with median line orange-brown., like the auriculars; rump yellow, . . tigrina. 
— perfectly black; throat black; a small yellow loral spot, é - « « Migrescens. 
—not black; no yellow; feet flesh-color,. . .. ... .. . . striata. 
— with yellow spot; throat flame-color; rump not yellow, .. . uae - . + « dlackburnie. 
—white; rump and sides of breast yellow, ..... . . . coronata. 
—yellow; rump and sides of breast yellow, . . . . . . + « audubonii. 
(b) Crown otherwise; throat black; back ashy, streaked, rump ash, crown yellow, occidentalis. 
— blackish, rump black, crown blackish, . chrysopareia. 
—=<OLVOsCrOwnslke PACK, a te | oN elcsi steel conten et virens. 
—notlike back,......... . . townsendit. 
— yellow; back olive; no black or ashy on head, . . sPfa te 10 val ta, Nea NIBeee 
—ashy-blue; cheeks the same; eyelids valtaw oe ee GTaCtE. 
—black; eyelids white,. . . . . . dominica. 
Diagnostic marks of certain Warblers in any plumage. 
A white spot at base of primaries — ccerulescens. 
A yellow spot in front of the eye and nowhere else — nigrescens. 
Wings and tail dusky, edged with yellow — estiva. 
Wing-bars and belly yellow — discolor. 
Wing-bars yellow, and belly pure white — pennsylvanica. 
Wing-bars white, tail-spots oblique, at end of two outer feathers only — pinus. 
Wing-bars brownish, tail-spots square, at end of two outer feathers only — pal- 
marum. 
Wing-bars not evident (?), whole under parts yellow, back with no greenish — 
kirtlandii. : 
Tail-spots at end of nearly all the feathers, and no definite yellow anywhere — 
coerulea. 
Tail-spots at middle of nearly all the feathers, rump and belly yellow—maculosa. 
Rump, sides of breast, and crown more or less yellow; throat white —coronata. 
Rump, sides of breast, crown and throat, more or less yellow —audubonii. « 
Throat definitely yellow, belly white, back with no greenish —dominica or gracie. 
Throat yellow or orange, crown with at least a trace of a central yellow or 
orange spot, and outer tail feather white-edged externally — blackburnie. 
Throat, breast and sides black er with black traces, sides of head with diffuse 
yellow, outer tail feather white-edged externally — virens and its western allies. 
Bill ordinary ; and with none of the foregoing special marks — striata or castanea. 
Bill extremely acute, perceptibly curved: rump (generally) yellow —tigrina. 
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