FRINGILLID®, FINCHES, ETC.—GEN. 84, 85. ileal 
Length about 8$; wing 3%; tail 43. Mexico, Texas, Arizona, Cape St. 
Tucas. Cass., Ill. 204, pl. 33; Bp., 508; Coor., 236. . . . SINUATA. 
84, Genus CARDINALIS Bonaparte. 
Cardinal Red-bird. Virginia Nightingale. Conspicuously crested ; 
tail longer than the wings, both rounded. @ rich vermilion or rosy red, 
obscured with ashy on the back, face black, 
bill reddish, feet brown. 9 ashy-brown, 
paler below, with evident traces of the red 
on the crest, wings, tail and under parts. 
Length 8-9; wing about 33; tail 4; 9 
rather less than the g. Eastern United 
States, somewhat southern, seldom north to 
the Connecticut Valley; a bird of striking 
appearance and brilliant vocal powers, resi- 
dent in thickets and undergrowth, abundant. 
Its rolling notes recall those of the Carolina 
wren, but are stronger. WiILs., i, 38, pl. 
6, f. 1, 2; Nurr., 1, 519; Aup., iii, 198, pl. 203; Bp., 509. virernranus. 
¢+ Var. 1aneus. Like the last, but paler, with the black frontlet interrupted at the 
base of the culmen, where the red comes down to the bill. Cape St. Lucas; Colo- 
radq Valley. Bo., Proc. Phila. Acad. 1859, 305; Exxror, pl. 16; Coor., 238. 
Fic. 96. Cardinal Red-bird. 
85. Genus PIPILO Vieillot. 
* Colors of the male black, white and chestnut in definite areas. 
+ No white on the scapulars or wing coverts. Sexes very unlike. 
Towhee Bunting. Marsh Robin. Chewink. (PuaTE i, figs. 17, 18, 
17a, 18a.) Adult male black, belly white, sides chestnut, crissum fulvous 
brown; primaries and inner secondaries with white touches on the outer 
webs; outer tail feather with the outer web and nearly the terminal half of 
the inner web, white, the next two or three with white spots decreasing in 
size; bill blackish, feet pale brown, iris red in the adult, white or creamy 
in the young, and generally in winter specimens; @ rich warm brown 
where the ¢ is black, otherwise similar. Very young birds are streaked 
brown and dusky above, below whitish tinged with brown and streaked with 
dusky ; but this plumage, corresponding to the very early speckled condi- 
tion of thrushes and warblers, is of brief duration; sexual distinctions may 
be noted in birds just from the nest, and they rapidly become much like 
the adults. g 84; wing 34, much rounded; tail 4; ¢Q rather less. Kastern 
United States, an abundant and familiar inhabitant of thickets, undergrowth 
and briery tracts, spending much of its time on the ground, scratching 
among fallen leaves; migratory. Nest on the ground, bulky, of leaves, 
grasses and other fibrous material; eggs 4-5, white, thickly speckled with 
reddish. Wius., vi, 90, pl. 53; Nurv., i, 515; Aup., iii, 167, pl. 195; 
nei rt he ee Fo eb). oa! PRY THROPRTMALMUS. 
ee 
