Eted-winged Blackbird. (PLATE Iv, all the figs.) Lesser wing coverts 
scarlet, broadly bordered by brownish-yellow, or brownish-white, the middle 
row of coverts being entirely of this color; sometimes the greater row, 
likewise, are mostly similar, producing a patch on the wing nearly as large 
as the red one; occasionally, there are traces of red on the edge of the wing | 
and below. In some Eastern specimens the bordering is almost pure white. | 
United States from Atlantic to Pacific, very abundant. Wzu1s., iv, 30, 
pl. 30; Num, 1,167) Aope iv. ol, 2065 (bD:026.) 2 oe, SPHOENIOMUN: 
Var. GUBERNATOR. Lesser wing coverts scarlet, narrowly or not at all bordered, 
the next row having black tips for all or most of their exposed portion, so that the 
brownish-yellow of their bases does not show much, if any. Pacific Coast. Norr., 
i, 2d ed., 187; Auvp., iv, 29, pl..215; Bp., 529; Coopr., 263. 
Var. TRIcoLOR. Lesser wing coverts dark red, bordered with pure white. 
California. Nutr., i, 2d ed., 186; Aup., iv, 27, pl. 214; Bp., 530; Coop., 265. 
3 
156 ICTERIDH, AMERICAN STARLINGS.—GEN. 89, 90. 
} 
90. Genus XANTHOCEPHALUS Baird. 
“ellow-headed Blackbird.  @g black, whole head (except lores), neck and 
upper breast yellow, and sometimes yellowish feathers on the belly and legs ; 
a large white patch on the wing, formed by the primary, and a few of the 
outer secondary, coverts; 10-11; wing 53; tail 4$. 9 and young brownish- 
Fic. 98. Yellow-headed Blackbird. 
black, with little or no white on the wing, the yellow restricted or obscured ; 
g much smaller than the ¢— 94, etc. A handsome bird, abundant on the 
prairies and marshes from Illinois and Wisconsin, westward; N. to 58° : 
and even Greenland (Reinhardt). Nurv., i, 176; Aup., iv, 24, pl. 218; 
Bp., 581; Coor., 267; Cours, Am. Nat., 1870, 195. . 1cTEROCEPHALUS. 
