TYRANNIDH, FLYCATCHERS. —GEN. 106, 107. 171 
margined with chestnut; the tail feathers the same or mostly chestnut; wings 
rounded, about as long as the nearly even tail; feet black, bill blackish, usually 
pale at the base below. Fig. 113a. 
Great Crested Flycatcher. Decidedly olivaceous above, a little browner 
on the head, where the feathers have dark centres; throat and fore breast 
pure dark ash, rest of under parts bright yellow, the two colors meeting 
abruptly ; primaries margined on both edges with chestnut: secondaries 
and coverts edged and tipped with yellowish-white, tail with all the feathers 
but the central pair chestnut on the whole of the inner web excepting per- 
haps a very narrow space next the shaft; outer web of outer feathers edged 
with yellowish ; the middle feathers, outer webs of the rest, and wings except 
as stated, dusky brown. Very young birds have rufous skirting of many 
feathers, in addition to the chestnut above described, but this soon disap- 
pears. Large; 84-93; wing and tail about 4; bill #; tarsus #?. Eastern: 
United States, west to Missouri, Kansas, Arkansas and Texas, north to 
Massachusetts ; Mexico and Central America in winter. An abundant bird, 
in woodland, of loud harsh voice and quarrelsome disposition, noted for its 
habitual use of cast off snake skins in the structure of its nest. WHLS. ii, 
forapleelap NURTS. 1.02015; AUD. 1. 209. pl.of ; BD. lds) °  ORINITUS: 
Ash-throated Flycatcher. Tather olivaceous-brown above, quite brown on 
the head, the throat very pale ash, sometimes almost whitish, changing grad- 
ually to very pale yellow or yellowish-white on the rest of the under parts ; 
primaries edged as before, but secondaries and coverts edged with grayish- 
white ; tail feathers as in the last, but the chestnut of the inner webs hardly 
or not reaching the tip, being cut off from the end by invasion of the dusky. 
In young birds, in which the quills and tail feathers are more extensively 
rufous-edged, this last distinction does not hold. Southwestern U. S., 
Mexico, common; very near the last species, but apparently a different bird. 
It is rather smaller, but with longer (4) tarsi; the bill obviously narrower, 
only about as wide as high at the base; but in Cape St. Lucas specimens 
(M. pertinax Bo., Proc. Phila. Acad. 1859, 303 ; Coopr., 318), again, the bill 
is shaped as in erinitus, although smaller. Tyrannula cinerascens Lawr., 
Ann. Lye. N. Y. 1851, 109; MW. mexicanus Bo., 179; Coop., 316 (not of 
Peau Evoc. Z00). Soc 1851, 51)... . . = « + « » , CINERASCENS. 
Lawrences Flycatcher. Very similar in color to crinitus, but much 
smaller; about 7 long, wing and tail about 34; wing coverts and inner 
quills as well as the primaries edged with rufous (rarely yellowish on the 
inner secondaries) ; no chestnut on tail feathers except a narrow bordering 
on the outer webs, and, in the young, an inner margining also; bill broad, 
flattened. Texas (?), Mexico and Central America. Bp., 181. LAwRENCEI. 
107. Genus SAYORNIS Bonaparte. 
*,* The three following species do not particularly resemble each other; most 
authors place them in separate genera, and even under different subfamilies. The 
discrepancies of form, however, are not startling, and for the purposes of this work 
