: 
b 
174 TYRANNID®, FLYCATCHERS. —GEN. 108, 109.. 
summer, before the now worn features are renewed, the plumage is quite 
brown, and dingy whitish; very young birds have the wing-bars and edging 
of quills tinged with rusty, the feathers of the upper parts skirted, and the 
lower plumage tinged, with the same; but in any plumage the species may 
be known from all the birds of the following genus, by these dimensions : 
Length 6-64; wing 54-33; tail 22-3; tarsus, middle toe and claw together 
hardly one inch, or evidently less; tarsus alone about 3, not longer than the 
bill. North America, in woodland; extremely abundant in most United 
States localities, May—Sept. Muscicapa rapax Wits., il, 81, pl. 13, f. 5; 
M. virens Aup., i, 231, pl. 64; Nurr., i, 285; C. virens Bp., 190. vrrEens. 
Var. RICHARDSONII. Western Wood Pewee. Similar; darker, more fuscous olive 
above, the shading of the sides reaching almost uninterruptedly across the breast ; 
belly rather whitish than yellowish; outer primary usually not obviously white- 
edged; bill below oftener dusky than yellow, sometimes quite black. I fail to 
appreciate any reliable differences in size or shape. Note not exactly like that of 
virens; nesting said to be different (Audubon, Allen). Rocky Mountains to the 
Pacific; ‘‘ Labrador” (Audubon). Tyrannula Richardsonii Sw., Fn. Bor.-Am. ii, 
146? Contopus richardsonii Bp., 189; Coor., 325. Muscicapa phoebe Auvp., i, 
219, pl. 61; Nurr., i, 2d ed. 319. 
109. Genus EMPIDONAX Cabanis. 
*,* Species 5-6 (rarely 63) long; wing 3} or less; tail 22 or less; whole foot 
at least + as long as wing; tarsus more or less obviously longer than middle toe 
and claw, much longer than bill; 2d, 3d and 4th quills entering into point of wing, 
1st shorter or not obviously longer than 5th; tail not over } an inch shorter than 
wings; breast not buffy. (Compare 107, 108,110.) As in allied genera, several 
outer primaries are slightly emarginate on the inner web, but this character is 
obscure, and often inappreciable. Fig. 115d. 
Small Green-crested or Acadian Flycatcher. Above, olive-green, clear, 
continuous and uniform (though the crown may show rather darker, owing 
to dusky centres of the slightly lengthened, erectile feathers) ; below, 
whitish, olive-shaded on sides and nearly across breast, yellowish-washed on 
belly, flanks, crissum and axillars; wings dusky, inner quills edged, and 
coverts tipped, with tawny yellow; all the quills whitish-edged internally ; 
tail dusky, olive-glossed, unmarked; a yellowish eye-ring; feet and upper 
mandible brown, under mandible pale. In midsummer, rather darker; in 
early fall, brighter and especially more yellowish below ; when very young, 
the wing-markings more fulvous, the general plumage slightly buffy-suffused. 
Largest ; 53-64; wing 23-3 (rarely 34) ; tail 24-22; bill nearly or quite 4, 
about 4 wide at nostrils; tarsus 3; middle toe and claw $; point of wing 
reaching nearly an inch beyond the secondaries ; 2d, 3d and 4th quills nearly 
equal and much (4 inch or more) longer than 1st and 5th, which about equal 
each other; Ist much longer than 6th. Eastern United States, abundant, in 
woodland; readily diagnoscible by the points of size and shape, without 
regarding coloration. Muscicapa querula Wits., ii, 77, pl. 18, f.3; MW. 
acadica Nurr.,.i1, 208; Aup.; 1, 221.) pl.G2 5 Bp, 19%. 2.) ACADIOUS. 
