PICIDH, WOODPECKERS. —GEN. 131. 193 
spots continued less thickly along the whole side and on the crissum; under 
parts otherwise soiled white ; central tail feathers black, others white, black- 
barred ; back and wings barred with black and white, the larger quills and 
many coverts with the white bars resolved into paired spots; 8-83; extent 
14-15; wing 44; tail 33. Pine swamps and barrens of the South Atlantic 
and Gulf States; North to Pennsylvania. Wrts., ii, 103, pl. 15; Nurv., 
imant: AUD. iv, 204, pl. 264; Bo., 96. ... .- Se eBORBATAS. 
Texan Woodpecker. Crown black, frequently Bpcailed with white, in the 
g@ the hind head and nape extensively crimson; sides of the head white, 
with a long black stripe from the bill under the eye, widening behind, there 
joining a black postocular stripe and spreading over the side of the neck; 
nasal feathers usually brown; under parts ranging from soiled white to 
smoky gray, with numerous black spots on the sides, flanks and crissum ; 
lateral tail feathers perfectly barred with black and white in equal amounts, 
the central ones black ; back and wings as in the last species. Small ; about 
7; wing 33-4; tail under 3; bill 3-§. Southwestern U. S. and southward. 
EE TOOMES MONO uo ie es sh a ss) + SG oe 8s, SCALARIS. 
Var. NuTrALLu. Rather larger; more white, this rather prevailing on the back 
over the black bars, the hind neck chiefly white, the nasal tufts white, the lateral 
tail feathers, especially, sparsely or imperfectly barred. The Californian coast 
race; Bp., 93; Coor., 378. Picuws lucasanus, from Cape St. Lucas, is a local form 
like nuttallii, with rather larger bill and feet; bill 1 inch. Xawnrus, Proc. Phila. 
Acad. 1859, 298, 302; Cass., ibid. 1863, 195; Coor., 381. P. parvus Casor; 
P. bairdii Scirarer; PP. vagatus and orizabe Cassy, all belong to scalaris. 
*** Spotted and lengthwise streaked, but not banded. 
f Usually 9-10 long; outer tail feathers wholly white. 
Hairy Woodpecker. Back black, with a long white stripe; quills and 
wing coverts with a profusion of white spots; four middle tail feathers black, 
next pair black and white, next two pair white, as stated ; under parts white ; 
crown and sides of head black, with a white stripe over and behind the eye, 
another from the nasal feathers running below the eye to spread on the side 
of the neck, anda scarlet nuchal band in the ¢, wanting in the @ ; young 
with the crown mostly .red or bronzy, or even yellowish. Eastern North 
America, abundant. Wing nearly 5; tail 34; bill 14; whole foot 13. Varies 
greatly in size, mainly according to latitude. Large whiter northern birds 
are— P. leucomelas Bopp., Pl. Enlum. 345, f. 1; P. canadensis Gm., 1. 
437; P. phillipsti Aup., iv, 238, pl. 259 (young with crown yellowish) ; 
P. septentrionalis Nurt., i, 2d ed. 684 (same); var. major Bp., 84. 
Ordinary birds are— P. villosus Wis., i, 150, pl. 9; Nurr., i, 575; Aup., 
iv, 244, pl. 262; P. martine Aup., iv, 240, pl. 260 (young with crown 
reddish) ; P. rubricapillus Nurr., i, 2d ed. 685 (same) ; var. medius Bo., 
84. Small southern birds are— P. auduboni Swainson, Fn. Bor.-Am. ii, 
306; P. auduboni Truprau, ys Phila. Acad. 1837, 404 (young with 
crown yellowish); Avup., iv, 259, pl. 265; Nurr., i, 2d ed. 684; var. 
DRC S ey Ge haces, bela cer 3) aes st, ss 6a | WELLOSUS. 
KEY TO N. A. BIRDS. 256 
