iW ee 
e 
PICIDE, WOODPECKERS. —GEN. 133. 195 
woodpeckers, the agriculturist will do well to discriminate between the somewhat 
injurious and the highly beneficial species. 
Yellow-bellied Woodpecker. with the crown crimson, bordered all 
around with black; chin, throat and breast black, enclosing a large crimson 
patch on the former (in the ¢ ; in the ? this patch white); sides of head 
with a white line starting from the 
nasal feathers and dividing the 
black of the throat from a trans- 
ocular black stripe, this separated 
from the black of the crown by a 
white postocular stripe; all these 
stripes frequently yellowish; 
under parts dingy yellow, brown- 
ish and with sagittate dusky marks 
on the sides ; back variegated with 
black and yellowish-brown ; wings 
black with a large oblique white 
bar on the coverts, the quills with 
numerous paired white spots on 
the edge of both webs; tail black, most of the feathers white-edged, the 
inner webs of the middle pair, and the upper coverts, mostly white. Young 
birds lack the definite black areas of the head and breast, and the crimson 
throat-patch, these parts being mottled gray; but in any plumage the bird 
is recognized by its yellowness, different from what is seen in any other 
Eastern species, and the broad white wing-bar, to say nothing of the generic 
characters. About 83; wing 44-5; tail 34. Eastérn North America, 
abundant. Wiuus., i, 147, pl. 9, f. 2; Nurr., i, 574; Aup., iv, 2683, pl. 
GD seo meer Mats RM) 05. ese oe a ARTUR 
Var. NucHALIS. With an additional band of scarlet on the nape, and the throat- 
patch more extensive; it is often seen in the 9. Rocky Mountains to the Pacific, 
but apparently not exclusively western; I am informed that birds of this descrip- 
tion are found in New England. Bop., 103, 897; Coopr., 390. 
Red-breasted Woodpecker. Exactly like the last, but the whole head, 
neck and breast carmine red, in both sexes; gray in the young. Size of 
the last, with which it is said to intergrade, and of which it is apparently 
only a variety. Pacific Coast, U.S. Avp., iv, 261, pl. 266; Bp., 104; 
ES OOD. os 5s - 1») RUBER. 
Brown-headed Ge eee Conceal rinvaace Ecoles ieeded with black 
and grayish-white; rump white; middle of belly yellow, of breast black ; 
whole head ‘nearly uniform brown; quills sprinkled with white along the 
edges; tail black with the middle feathers white-barred ; 9-94; wing 5 or 
more; tail 4 or less. Wooded mountainous regions, Pacific slope. Cass., 
Ill. 200, pl. 32; Bp., 106; Exxior, pl. 25; Coor., 393. . THYROIDEUS. 
Williamson’s Woodpecker. Glossy black; sides and crissum mixed black 
- and white; belly yellow; rump white; tail black, unmarked; wings black, 
Fig. 131. Yellow-bellied Woodpecker, 
