206 STRIGIDZ, OWLS.—GEN. 148. 
Strix tengmalmi Aup., Orn. Biog. iv, 559, pl. 380; B. Am. i, 22: pl. 32. 
Nyctale richardsoni Cass. in Bo., 57. According to Mr. Ridgway, the 
American bird is a distinguishable variety, being darker, the dark areas 
larger, legs speckled instead of plain, ete. TENGMALMI var. RICHARDSONIL. 
Acadian Owl. Saw-whet Owl. Small; wing 55; tail 23, thus not more 
than half the wing. Bill black, the cere tumid, the circular nostrils pre- 
senting anteriorly. United States and somewhat northward; Mexico. 
Common. Wyctale albifrons Cass. in Bp., 57, and Ill. 187; Coop., 435; 
NV. kirtlundii Hor, Proc. Phila. Acad. 1852, 210; Cass., Ill. 63, pl. 11; 
Strix frontalis Licur.; these are the young. Strix passerina WILS., iv, 
66, pl. 34, f. 1; Strix acadica Nutr., i, 137; Ulula acadica Aun., i, 123, 
pl. 88:3 WV. agadica Cass: in: Bp: 583 Coor:, 436... 2 Acanione 
148. Genus GLAUCIDIUM Wagler. 
*,* Very small; head untufted ; facial disk nearly obsolete; ear parts moderate ; 
tarsus fully feathered, toes thickly bristled; wings short and much rounded, 4th 
quill longest, the 8 outer ones emarginate; tail rather long, even; claws strong, 
sharp, much curved. 
Pygmy Owl. Above, uniform brown, everywhere dotted with small 
round white spots, and with a collar of mixed white and blackish around the 
back of the neck; breast with a mottled brown band separating the white 
throat from the rest of the white under parts, which all have lengthwise 
reddish-brown streaks ; wings and tail dusky brown with round white spots 
on both webs, largest on the inner; under wing coverts white with black 
marks disposed in an oblique bar. ¢ 7, or a little less; extent 144; wing 
32; tail 3; 9 larger; 74, extent 154, etc. Iris and soles yellow; toes 
above, bill and cere, greenish-yellow. The shade of the upper parts ranges 
from pure deep brown to pale grayish-brown, sometimes with a slight oliva- 
ceous shade. Rocky Mountains to the Pacific, U. S., common; a erepus- 
cular and rather diurnal than strictly nocturnal species. Surnia passerinoides 
Aup., i, 117, pl. 30. G. infuscatum Cass., Ill. 189; G'. gnoma Cass. in 
Bp., 62; Coor., 444. . . . . . +. ‘PASSERINUM var. CALIFORNICUM. 
Ferrugineous Owl. With the size, shape, and somewhat the coloration 
of the foregoing, but readily distinguished: under parts and nuchal collar 
much the same, but the former usually with a rusty tinge; upper parts 
ranging from the color of gnoma to a rusty-red (the variation nearly as great 
as in the two plumages of MScops asio), not continuously speckled, the 
whitish or ochrey spots mostly confined to the wing coverts and scapulars, 
those of the crown lengthened into sharp streaks; spots on the quills 
enlarged into bars nearly confluent from one web to the other, rusty or 
ashy next the shafts, white or tawny on the edges of the feathers, especially 
the inner; tail in both plumages alike closely and continuously barred with 
brown and rusty-red (same as the color of the upper parts in the red 
plumage, conspicuously different in the gray plumage), the latter sometimes 
fading on the inner webs. South and Central America and Mexico to the 
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