GRACULIDZ, CORMORANTS. —GEN. 275. 303 
Double-cresited Cormorant. Glossy greenish-black; feathers of the back 
and wings coppery-gray, black-shafted, black-edged ; adult with curly black 
lateral crests, and in the breeding season other filamentous white ones, over 
the eyes and along the sides of the neck; white flank-patch not observed in 
the specimens examined, but probably occurring ; gular sac and lores orange. 
Length 30-83 inches; wing 12 or more; tail 6 or more; bill along gape 
3%; tarsus a little over 2. Young plain dark brown, paler or grayish 
(even white on the breast) below, without head-plumes. N. Am., at large, 
the commonest species. Sw. and Ricu., F. B.-A. ii, 473; Nurv., ii, 483; 
‘ADD:, Vi, 425, pl. 416; Lawr.in Bp., 877. . . . ... . DILOPHUS. 
Var. rLormpanus. Florida Cormorant. Similar, smaller (wing 12 or less; tail 
6 or less; tarsus a little under 2), but bill as large if not larger; gape nearly 4. 
The plumage is exactly the same, excepting, probably, that white plumes are not 
developed. There are said to be certain differences in the life-colors of the bills 
(blue instead of yellow on under mandible and edges of upper— Audubon), but 
none show in my specimens. ‘This is simply a localized southern race of dilophus, 
smaller in general dimensions, with relatively larger bill, as usual in such cases ; the 
sac seems to be more extensively denuded. Resident on the Floridan and Gulf 
coast, breeding by thousands on the mangrove bushes ; in summer, ranging up the 
Mississippi valley to Ohio (Audubon) and along the coast to North Carolina (Coues). 
Aup., vi, 430, pl. 417; Lawr. in Bp., 879. 
Mexican Cormorant. Resembling the last; lustre more intense, rather 
violet-purplish than green; long filamentous white feathers on head and 
-neck (but no definite black lateral crests?) ; sac orange, white-edged. 
Small; length about 24; wing about 10; tail 6, thus relatively long; tarsus 
under 2; gape of bill under 3. The sac is not strongly convex in outline 
behind, the feathers passing across in a straight or even convex line. 
Central America and West Indies; Texas; up the Mississippi to Illinois 
(Ridgway). Branvt, /. c. 56; Lawr. in Bp., 879. . . . MEXICANUS. 
++ Gular sac heart-shaped behind, owing to a narrow pointed forward extension 
of the feathers on the middle line. 
Brandt’s Cormorant. Deep lustrous green, changing to violet or steel-blue 
on the neck, the back proper like the under parts, but the scapulars and wing 
coyerts showing narrow dark edgings of the individual feathers (much less 
conspicuous than in any of the foregoing species : nothing of the sort is seen in 
any of the following ones). Sac dark blue, surrounded by a gorget of fawn- 
colored or mouse-brown plumage, largely naked, the feathers extending on it 
little if any in advance of those on the lower mandible. White filamentous 
plumes, 2 inches or more long, straight and stiffish, spring in a series down 
each side of the neck; a few others are irregularly scattered over the back 
of the neck; many others, still longer, grow on the upper part of the back. 
No black crests, nor white flank-patch, observed. Wing nearly 12; tail 
scarcely or not 6, thus relatively very short ; bill along culmen 22; tarsus 24. 
Does not particularly resemble any other species here described. Young: 
blackish-brown, rustier below, the belly grayish ; scapulars and wing coverts 
