304 GRACULIDH, CORMORANTS. —GEN. 275. 
with edges of the feathers paler than the centres; gorget fawn-colored, as in 
the adult (Phalacrocorax townsendii! Aup., vi, 438, pl. 418). Pacific 
Coast, U. S., common. Branpv, J. c. 55; GamBen, Journ, Phila. Acad. 
1849, 227; Lawm: in Bp., 880:.2° 2 5 = =.) 2. . |) RENICIUMAmUSS 
Pallas’s Cormorant. Deep lustrous green, above and below, with blue 
gloss on the neck, and rich purplish on the scapulars and wing coverts, the 
latter not edged; shafts of tail feathers (said to be) white; if this holds, it 
is a unique character among our species. Adult with coronal and occipital 
crests (not lateral paired crests) ; a white flank-patch in the breeding season ; 
face and neck with long sparse straw-yellow plumes; sac orange. Large ; 
36; wing 13; tail 7? 9? tarsus 3; bill (along gape?) 4, very stout, 3 deep 
at base. N. Pacific Coast. I have not seen this species, which seems to be 
well marked. Pauuas, Zoog. R.-A. ii, 305; Gouxp, Voy. Sulphur, 49, pl. 
32; SCHLEGEL, J. c. 17; Bonar., Consp. Av. ii, 167; Lawr. in Bp., 877; 
ELEIOT;, pli: DO By A. o aa, os! ce geen oes aie nee ERS RIO More Ati 
Red-faced Cormorant. Frontal feathers not reaching base of the culmen, 
the bill being entirely surrounded by naked red skin which also encircles the 
eyes, somewhat carunculate, forming a kind of wattle on each side of the 
chin; base of under mandible blue; feet black, blotched with yellow. 
Crown with a median black crest, and nape with another, in the same line. 
In the specimen examined, a large white flank-patch, but no white plumes on 
neck. Plumage richly iridescent, mostly green, but violet and steel-blue 
on the neck, purplish, violet and bronzy on the back and wings, the feathers 
there without definite dark edgings. Length 83; extent 48; wing 12; tarsus 
23; gape of bill 3. Kadiak, Alaska; described from the single recognized 
specimen, No. 52, 512, Mus. Smiths. Inst., the same noticed by Barrp, Trans. 
Chicago Acad. i, 321, pl. 33, believed to represent the Phalacrocorax bicris- 
tatus of Patuas, Zoog. R.-A. ii, 183. Probably the “red-faced cormorant,” 
Pelecanus urile, of Pennant, Latham and Gmelin, but as this point cannot 
be decided, I accept Baird’s identification. . . . . . . BICRISTATUS. 
Violet-green Cormorant. Frontal feathers reaching culmen; gular sac 
inconspicuous, very extensively feathered, the feathers reaching on the sides 
of the under mandible to below the eyes, and running in a point on the sac 
far in advance of this. Small; length 24-28; wing 10-11; tail 6 or less; 
tarsus 2 or less; bill along gape 3 or less, very slender, and smooth on the 
sides, its depth at base about $. Deep lustrous green, including the back ; 
the scapulars, wing coverts and sides of the body iridescent with purplish or 
coppery, the neck with rich violet and blue; gular sac orange; feet black; 
Two median lengthwise crests as in the last two species. Among the speci- 
mens before me, one has no white flank-patch, but a few white scattered 
plumes on the neck; another, marked 9, has none of these, but a large 
snowy tuft on the flanks. A third, labelled “datrdii, g , Farallones, Apr.’61,” 
has both the flank tufts and the neck plumes ; it is very small, the wing being 
under 10, the tarsus 1%, the gape 28, and the bill is extremely slender; it 
possibly represents a small southern race, bearing somewhat the relation to 
— <*s 
