316 LARIDH, GULLS. —GEN. 286. 
carmine, former usually with a black mark near the end; mantle bluish- 
plumbeous, the ends of the secondaries white nearly an inch; hood blackish- 
plumbeous, with white eyelids. Final pattern of primaries :—shaft of Ist 
entirely white, of next 5 white except in the portion of the quill occupied 
by black; 1st with its outer web and a bar on the inner web, black, leaving 
the tip wholly white an inch or more, rest of the feather pearly white ; 
next 5 crossed by a black bar on both webs, 2-3 inches wide on the 2nd 
quill, narrowing to a mere spot on the 6th; tips of all these broadly white. 
Younger birds have much more black on the wing, in a different pattern, 
and the tail washed with bluish (Ch. cucullatus Licut. ; Lawr. in Bp., 851, 
pl. 95; Cours, Proc. Phila. Acad. 1862, 309). Central America and 
Mexico in winter, migrating in the interior, west of the Mississippi, to 
the Arctic regions ; abundant; has not been observed in the Atlantic States. 
Larus franklint Ricw., F. B.-A., ii, 424, pl. 71; Nurr., ii, 293; Avp., 
vii, 145; Ch. franklint Lawr. in Bp., 851... . . . . FRANKLINII. 
Bonaparte’s Gull. Tarsus about equal to middle toe and claw. Small; 
12-14; wing 93-104; tarsus 14; bill 14-14, very slender, like a tern’s. 
Adult in summer: 67] black; mantle pearly blue, much paler than in the 
foregoing ; hood slaty-plumbeous, with white touches on the eyelids ;|' many 
wing coverts white; feet chrome yellow, tinged with coral red; webs ver- 
milion. Primaries finally :—the first 5-6 with the shafts white except at tip ; 
1st white, with outer web and extreme tip black; 2d white, more broadly 
crossed with black ; 3d to 6th—8th with the black successively decreasing. In 
winter, no hood, but a dark auricular spot. Young: mottled and patched 
above with brown or gray, and usually a dusky bar on the wing; the tail 
with a black bar, the primaries with more black, the bill dusky, much of the 
lower mandible flesh-colored or yellowish, as are the feet. N.Am.; breeds 
in the Arctic regions; very abundant in the U. 8. during the migration. 
Sterna philadelphia Orv, Guthrie’s Geog. 2d Am. ed. ii, 319; Ch. phila- 
delphia Lawr. in Bp., 852; L. bonapartet Ricu., F. B.-A., ii, 425, pl. 72; 
Nurtt., ii, 294; Aup., vii, 131, pl. 442; Cougs, 7. c. 310. PHILADELPHIA. 
Ozs. The sexes of this gull are alike, as in all other cases. Audubon is wrong 
in figuring the 9 with a brown hood. But it is a question whether the ‘ brown- 
headed gull,” Larus capistratus of Bon., Syn. p. 358, No. 293—Norr., ii, 290, 
should be considered as this species, or as the true European bird, ZL. ridibundus, 
erroneously attributed to this country. The European Least Gull, Z. minutus, has 
been introduced to our fauna upon erroneous information, the single authority 
(SaBrne) for its occurrence having doubtless mistaken the last species for it. 
Ricu., F. B.-A. ii, 426; Nurt., ii, 289; Lawr. in Bd. 853. See Cougs, l. c. 311. 
286. Genus RHODOSTETHIA Macgillivray. 
Wedge-tailed, or Ross’ Rosy Gull. Adult: white, rosy-tinted; a black 
collar, but no hood; mantle pearly-blue ; primaries marked with black; bill 
black ; feet vermilion; length 14; wing 103; “bill along the ridge ?,” very 
slender; tarsus little over 1; tail 53, cuneate, the graduation being one 
