126 Bird Studies. 



and the black feathers above the tail are obscured by greenish olive. The 

 lower parts are yellow with an obscure ashy belt on the chest. The belly, 

 the feathers below the tail, and the wing bars are white. The sides show 

 obscure black streaks. The tail 15 like thai of spring h'lrd?,, and will serve to 

 identify these birds at any season. 



They nest in much the same kind of localities as the Blackburnian and 

 Black-throated Green Warblers, generally in evergreen trees. The nest is 

 built of similar material but is located much nearer the ground. The eggs 

 are four in number, white with a circle of reddish and olive brown markings 

 about the larger end. They are a little less than two thirds of an inch long, 

 and about half an inch in their other diameter. 



The Magnolia Warbler is found throughout Eastern North America. 

 It breeds from Northern New England and Michigan north to Hudson's Bay 

 and south on the hitrher Alleg'hanies to Virginia. I found them breeding- at 

 Mountain Lake, Giles County, Virginia, in the summer of 1889. The altitude 

 was over 4000 feet. They winter in the West Indies and Central America. 



The Black-throated Blue Warbler is about five inches long. The males 

 are dark grayish blue above, individuals frequently showing blackish markings 

 .on the back. The sides of the head, to and back of the eye. 

 Blue Warbler '■'^^ throat and sides of the body and flanks are clear black. 

 Dendroica caeruiescens The bases of the UtrgCT wiiig fcttthcrs are white, and the 

 inner webs of the outer tail feathers have white of varying 

 extent near their tips. The females are olive green above, with tail and 

 wings more dusky, and often with a slightly blue tinge. The region about 

 the eye is dusky gray. The lower parts are obscure olive buff, grayer on the 

 flanks and sides. The area of white at the bases of the larger wing feathers is 

 much less than in the male, and is sometimes covered by the feathers of the 

 shoulder. In the fall the birds are similar, the blue of the male bird is, how- 

 ever, tinged with olive and the black of the throat more or less obscured by 

 the white tips of some of the feathers. The females are generally yellower 

 than in the spring, but at all seasons and in both sexes the white bases of the 

 larger wing feathers will serve to identify the birds. 



The nest is usually built within a few feet of the ground, in the under- 

 growth of forests. It is composed of bark, fine grasses, pine needles, and 

 lined with finer plant fibres. The eggs, three to five in number, are about 

 seven tenths of an inch long, and half an inch in the smaller diameter. They 



