VULTURIN. 5 
or rufous, or even a deep bay, (the tint varies in different stages 
of plumage) each feather conspicuously paler shafted, and most of 
them (in the younger birds) conspicuously, though narrowly, 
paler centred Hume, “ Rough Notes.” 
-The Bay Vulture does not occur in the Deccan or South 
Mahratta country, but is not uncommon in Central India, Guzerat, 
and Sind. Of its nidification, little appears to be known: it is 
said to breed during January and February, building a large plat- 
form nest on lofty trees, and laying a single white eggs, larger 
than either calvus or bengalensis. 
Gyps pallescens, Hume. 
4 bis.—Butler, Guzerat ; Stray Feathers, Vol. III, p. 442 ; Deccan 
and South Mahratta country; Stray Feathers, Vol. IX, 
p. 869; Swinhoe and Barnes, Central India; Ibis, 1885, p. 54, 
THE LONG-BILLED PALE-BROWN VULTURE. 
Length, 36 to 39 ; expanse, 85 to 90; wing, 23 to 25°5; tail 
from vent, 10 to 11; tarsus, 3°5 to 4; bill from gape, 2°65 to 2:95; 
weight, 11 to 14 lbs. 
Bill and cere pale greenish, yellowish horny on culmen and 
blackish towards tips of mandibles; bare skin of head and face 
dusky ashy-leaden ; irides brown; legs and feet dingy ashy-leaden ; 
margins of scales whitish ; claws creamy-horny. 
In the perfect adult brownish-white hair-like feathers are 
thinly sprinkled over the head, nape, cheeks, and throat; the 
upper halfof the back and sides of the neck are perfectly bare; 
the crop-patch is closely covered with silky tight-fitting, dark 
hair-brown feathers; the whole of the rest of the lower surface 
is a pale whity-brown, becoming almost a pure white towards the 
vent and lower tail-coverts ; the ruff is full, soft, and pure white, 
of very downy feathers, the webs much disintegrated ; the whole 
mantle is pale earthy-brown, the centres of the lesser, and all 
but the tips and margins of the larger scapulars being dark 
hair-brown. 
The lower back, ramp and upper tail-coverts white, tinged with 
pale earthy brown, many of the feathers, however, especially of the 
longer tail-coverts, being brown at the base, but so broadly tip- 
ped and margined with the paler color that little of the brown 
shows ; the primaries and tail-feathers are deep chocolate-brown ; 
the secondaries and tertiaries hair-brown, more or less suffused 
on their outer webs with pale dingy earthy or fulvous-brown. 
A quite young bird has the top and back of the head, and 
upper part of the back of the neck, thickly covered with white 
down; the rest of the head and neck, asin the adult; the 
crop-patch much lighter than in the adult, is covered with pale, 
dove-colored brown feathers; the rest of the lower surface is 
pale brown, becoming albescent towards the vent, each feather 
broadly centred (most conspicuously so on the sides and breast), 
with dingy white ; the ruff, of long, linear lanceolate feathers, is a 
