43 BUTEONIN A 
the median-coverts the same color, in some conspicuously, in 
some faintly tipped with the same rufous-white tint; the 
greater-coverts of the secondaries, and the tertials themselves, 
still the same umber-brown, but only very narrowly (in some 
not at all) tipped with. rufous-white; the winglet, primaries 
and their greater-coverts and secondaries, slightly darker brown, 
all but the first four primaries, and most of the secondaries, with 
a very narrow, whitish tipping, and the outer webs of the first 
primary, and the next three, which are conspicuously marginate, 
below the margination more or less silvered with grey; the 
inner webs of all the primaries above the tips, more or less white 
or rufous-white, with conspicuous, broad, dark brown bars. In 
some specimens the brown bars are so broad that the ground of 
the web appears brown, and the rufous interspaces appear like 
pale bars; there are traces of similar markings on the se- 
condaries, most conspicuous in those nearest the primaries, and 
less so in those adjoining the tertials; chin white or rufous- 
white; the ruff in front, and on either side towards the 
nape, white or rufous-white ; the feathers centred darkish brown ; 
the whole of the front of the throat, breast and abdomen . white 
or fulvous or pale rufous-white, the feathers all broadly or 
conspicuously centred with brown and rufous; the feathers of 
the vent, lower tail-coverts, and external thigh-coverts, pure 
white or pale rufous-brown, shafted, and with two or more irregu- 
lar spots of pale rufous along the shafts; the axillaries mostly 
rufous-brown, with indistinct incomplete fulvous-white bars; the 
lesser under wing-coverts fulvous, or pale rufous-white, the 
feathers mostly darker centred; the greater lower wing-coverts 
mostly a brown or rufous-brown, and for the most part edged 
and tipped with fulvous-white or pale rufous; the longest of 
the lower tail-coverts are rather conspicuously tipped with pale 
rufous. 
Females differ considerably in the amount of rufous on the 
top and back of the head, back and sides of neck, etc. in some, 
the prevailing line is rufous, there being only very narrow brown 
centres to the feathers, but in others, the brown much predomi- 
nates, the feathers having only somewhat narrow rufous margins ; 
the extent and amount of the rufous tippings to the feathers of 
the back and rump varies much, as also the extent and depth 
of rufous in the tail, and on the lower parts. 
Young.—Lores, forehead, a patch under the eyes, a streak over 
the eyes, to upper corner of the ruff, and a broad patch on the 
nape, (which latter has several of the central feathers brown 
tipped) white ; bristles of the lores black; a patch in the interior 
corner of the eye, under the white line, and beyond the posterior 
angle of the eye, backwards, till it joins the top of the ear-coverts, 
dark umber-brown; the whole top of the head warm umber- 
brown, faintly margined with rufous, where it infringes on the 
white supercilium and white nape-patch; the whole of the 
