UPUPINE. 141 
Bill bright coral-red ; orbitar skin lemon-yellow ; irides light 
straw-yellow ; legs sienna-yellow. 
Above fine ccerulean-blue, with a tinge of lilac on the head ; 
forehead deep velvety-black ; quills and lateral feathers blackish, 
the former more or less edged with blue, the latter tipped with 
white; beneath, delicate lilac-brownish, darkest on the vent 
and under tail-coverts, and reddish on the flanks; chin and 
throat white. The male, even in nestling plumage, is distin- 
guished by having a black sincipital streak. 
The Velvet-fronted Nuthatch occurs on the Sahyadri Range 
and in the adjacent forests; it has been found in the jungles 
west of Belgaum, Savantwadi, and along the Goa frontier ; it is 
very rare, and has not been obtained in any other portion of our 
limits. 
‘Famity, Upupide. 
Bill long and slender, slightly curved throughout; the tip 
acute and entire ; nostrils small; wings rounded ; tail moderate 
or long, even or rounded ; tarsi short and stout ; outer toe syndac- 
tyle at the base; toes and claws strong. 
Sus-ramity, Upupine. 
Tail with ten feathers; wings long; bill keeled at the base ; 
head with a large erectile crest. 
Genus, Upupa, Lin. 
Bill very long, moderately curved, compressed; gape wide ; 
head with a large crest; nostrils round, slightly removed from 
the base, destitute of any membrane; wings long, with fourth 
quill longest; tail even, broad, of ten feathers; tarsus moderate, 
with transverse scutz in front, reticulate posteriorly ; claws short, 
that of hallux longer, somewhat straight. 
Upupa epops, Lin. 
254.—Jerdon’s Birds of India, Vol. I, p. 390; Butler, Guzerat ; 
Stray Feathers, Vol. III, p. 462 ; Deccan, Stray Feathers, Vol. 
IX, p. 391; Murray’s Vertebrate Zoology of Sind, p. 120; 
Swinhoe and Barnes, Central India; Ibis, 1885, p. 64. 
THE EUROPEAN HOOoPoE. 
Length, 12 to 12'5 ; wing, 5'5; tail, 4; tarsus, 0°8; bill at front, 
1°75 to 2. 
Bill black, reddish at base; irides red-brown; legs brownish- 
black. | | 
Head, with the feathers of the crest, pale cinnamon-rufous, 
tipped with black, and with a white space between the black 
and rufous on the median and posterior feathers ; hind-neck, 
sides of neck, interscapulars, and shoulders of the wings, pale 
fawn, passing into brownish-ashy ; the middle of the back banded 
white and black ; the upper tail-coverts white at the base, .ended 
