142 LANIANA, 
with black; wings black; the coverts black, with two large 
white bars ; the primary quills with a white spot or bar near the 
tip, on the first on the inner web only, on the others upon both 
webs ; the secondaries and tertiaries with three, and finally four, 
white bands; tail with a broad white oblique band, about the 
middle ; beneath the chin whitish; the throat and breast pale 
rufous-fawn, ashy on the sides of the breast ; abdomen white, 
with black streaks and dashes; under tail-coverts white. 
The European Hoopoe is a common cold weather visitant, 
throughout our limits. 
Upupa ceylonensis, Reich. 
255.— Upwpa nigripennis, Gould—Jerdon’s Birds of India, 
Vol. I, p. 392; Butler, Guzerat; Stray Feathers, Vol. III, 
p. 462 ; Deccan, Stray Feathers, Vol. IX, p. 391. - 
: THE INDIAN HOOPOE. : tee 
Length, 10°5 ; expanse, 18 ; wing, 5 to 5°5; tail, 4; tarsus, 0°87; 
bill at front, 1°8. 
Bill blackish, paler at base ; irides brown; legs dusky-plum- 
beous. iS 
Very similar to the last, but smaller, and distinguished by 
. the generally darker hue of the rufous of the head. and crest, 
and there is no white on the crest, the white wing-bands being 
also smaller and less conspicuous; the hind-neck and _ inter- 
scapulars are deeper rufous, inclining to brown and less to ashy ; 
the. rump is dusky-black, with a downy-white ending to the fea- 
thers ; the chin is rufous, and this color extends along the abdomen 
to the vent with only a few dusky streaks on the lower abdomen ; 
vent and under tail-coverts white. 
With the exception of Sind, the Indian Hoopoe is a not 
uncommon permanent resident throughout the district. 
They nest from February to May, in holes in trees, banks, or 
walls under the rafters of houses, and such like places; the eggs 
are five or six in number, and are of a pale greyish-blue color, some- 
times olive-brown or dingy olive-green and intermediate shades ; 
in shape, they are lengthened ovals, occasionally pointed at both 
ends. They measure 0°97 inches in length by 0°66 in breadth. 
om Famiy, Laniade. vey 
- Bill strong or of moderate length, notched or toothed at the 
tip; gape rather wide with rictal bristles; tarsus short, strong, 
usually with large scute in front and on the toes. 
SuB-FAMILY, Lanianee. 
Bill strong, deep, more or less abruptly hooked, and the tip 
strongly notched; wings moderate; tail moderate or long; 
tarsus rather short, stout ; feet. short, strong ; lateral toes nearly 
equal ; middle-toe short ; claws sharp. 
