194 ORIOLIN &, 
abdomen, bright-yellow ; wings olive-brown ; body beneath whitish, 
with brown stripes ; bill black. 
The Indian Oriole occurs generally throughout the district, 
but is less common in Sind than elsewhere. On the higher 
ranges it is replaced by O. melanocephalus. 
It is a permanent resident and breeds during May and June. 
It seems to have a preference for neem trees, as most of the 
nests I have seen have been built on these. It chooses a fork at 
the extremity of a slender bough, and between the twigs forming 
the fork it constructs a purse-like nest, composed of grass stems 
and roots, vegetable fibre, pieces of rag, &c., all firmly bound at 
its upper edges to the fork between which it is suspended. The 
eggs, usually three in number, are moderately long ovals, pure 
glossy china-white in colour with dark-claret or nearly black 
specks, spots or blotches, chiefly at the larger end. They vary 
greatly both in size and shape, but the average is 1:1 inch in 
length by 0°8 in breadth. 
As soon as the eggs are laid, the nest is easy to find, owing to 
the habit the bird has of attacking any bird, no matter how 
large, that ventures near the nest. 
The nestlings are easily reared by placing them in a cage, 
accessible to the parent birds, as although naturally shy yet they 
will attend to, and feed them until long after they are able to 
fend for themselves. 
Oriolus galbula, Zzn. 
470bis.—Murray’s Vertebrate Zoology of Sind, p. 136. 
THE GOLDEN ORIOLE. 
Length, 10; wings, 59; tail, 36; tarsus, 0°85; bill at 
front, 0°95. 
Bill dull-reddish ; irides blood-red ; legs lead-grey. 
Adult male : Entire plumage, except the wings and tail, rich 
golden-yellow ; a broad stripe from the base of the bill to the eye, 
covering the lores, deep-black ; wings jet-black ; the quills tipped 
and externally narrowly margined with yellowish-white or 
sulphur-yellow ; edge of the wing and under wing-coverts rich 
yellow, the primary coverts being broadly terminated with the 
same color; tail black, broadly terminated with yellow; the 
outer rectrices being more broadly, and the inner ones less marked 
with this color, the central-rectrices black, only narrowly tipped 
with yellow. 
Adult female: Differs considerably from the male; upper 
parts (excepting the wings) greenish-yellow or apple-green ; the 
patch in front of the eye dull brownish-black ; wings as in the 
male, but duller and browner, the edgings being pale sulphur- 
yellow; secondaries and wing-coverts washed with dull greenish- 
yellow ; tail as in the male, except that the yellow markings are 
only on the inner webs, the outer webs of the feathers being 
