196 SAXICOLIN A 
tips and outer webs pale-yellow ; the secondaries also broadly tip- 
ped with yellow, gradually diminishing in extent to the last 
primaries, some of which are tipped and edged with yellow; tail 
pale-yellow, the two central-feathers with a broad black band 
about half an inch tipped with yellow, the next pair with barely 
one inch of black, andthe yellow tip nearly half an inch; the 
next pair with a narrow and sometimes interrupted black band 
about the terminal third, and the three outer pairs on each side 
nearly wholly yellow ; the outer pair with an occasional smear 
of black on the outer margin; all the tail-feathers with black 
shafts diminishing in intensity towards the outermost feathers. 
The young bird has the forehead yellow, the head more or less 
blackish, the neck white with blackish streaks, the belly yellow 
with longitudinally dark streaks, and the yellow duller in tint. 
The Bengal Black-headed Oriole is not very common; it occurs 
only on the higher ranges, where it replaces Oriolus indicus. It 
is not uncommon on the Sahyadri Range, and again on the 
Aravellies near Aboo. 
Oriolus ceylonensis, Bonap. 
473.—Jerdon’s Birds of India, Vol. II, p. 111; Butler, Deccan; 
Stray Feathers, Vol. IX, p. 403. 
THE SOUTHERN BLACK-HEADED ORIOLE. 
Length, 9; expanse, 153; wing, 49; tail, 33; tarsus, 0°87 ; 
bill at front, 0°9. 
Bill pale lake-red ; irides rich-red ; legs plumbeous. 
Head and neck deep-black ; rest of the plumage deep-yellow ; 
wings black; the wing spot formed by the tips of the primary- 
coverts smaller than in the last; the tertiaries only tipped 
with yellow; and the black on the tail of greater extent, 
especially on the central feathers. 
The Southern Black-headed Oriole is very doubtfully distinct 
from O. melanocephala. It occurs in the same localities as 
the last. 
Famity, Sylviade. 
Of small size mostly; bill slender; wings usually somewhat 
lengthened, and tail moderate or short; tarsus long; feet 
moderate. 
SuB-FAMILY, Saxicolinee. 
Bill stouter, more depressed at the base than in the other 
sub-families ; wings moderate, or somewhat long; tail moderate 
in most, short in some, long in a very few; tarsus moderately 
long, stout ; feet moderate, fitted for terrestrial habits; claws 
slightly curved. 
Genus, Gopsychus, Wagler. 
Bill moderately long and strong, straight; tip slightly bent, 
distinctly notched ; rictal bristles almost absent; nostrils large 
