416 MERGID. 
Mergus merganser, Lin. 
972.—M. castor, Lin.—Jerdon’s Birds of India, Vol. II, p. 817; 
Murray’s Vertebrate Zoology of Sind, p. 309; Game Birds of 
India, Vol. III, p. 299. 
THE MERGANSER. 
Length, ¢ 25:0 to 2871, % 22°9 to 250; expanse, ¢ 35°6 to 
40°8, % 345 to 378; wing, ¢ 10°95 to 121, 2 98 to 1095; 
tail, ¢ 48 to 59, ? 46 to 565; tarsus, ¢, 2, 9 1°75; bill, ¢ 
2°8, 2°5 ; weight, 2 to 3,5, lbs. 
Bill deep blood-red, black on culmen, edges paler ; irides red ; 
feet orange-red. 
Male: Head (with a short thick crest) and upper part of the 
neck, glossy blackish-green ; lower part of the neck white ; upper 
back and scapulars next the body deep black; the rest of the 
back and upper tail-coverts ashy ; the tips of the feathers whitish 
here and there; tail ashy-grey ; breast, abdomen, and under 
tail-coverts, white, tinged with orange-buff; wing-coverts and 
outermost scapulars rich buff-orange, and the latter edged with 
black. 
The female (and young males till the second moult) have the 
head and neck reddish-brown; the throat white; the upper 
plumage ashy; beneath yellowish-white ; the sides of the breast, 
and the flanks pale ashy; a white speculum ; primaries black ; 
tail ashy-brown. 
The Goosander is believed to occur in Sind. 
Mergus serrator, Lin. | 
972bis.—Murray’s Vertebrate Zoology of Sind, p. 308; Game 
Birds of India, Vol. III, p. 305. 
THE RED-BREASTED MERGANSER. 
6, Length, 24 to 26; expanse, 29 to 32°5; wing, 9 to 10; 
tail, 3°l to 4:2; tarsus, 1°8 to 2°05; bill at front, 2°4 to 2°5. 
In the male the bill varies from orange-red to deep vermilion, 
is more or less dusky on the edge, and has the nail varying from 
pale yellowish-grey to almost black. In young females there is 
more dusky on the upper mandible, where the red is often only 
a lateral band. 
The whole head, chin, throat and the neck all round, for about 
one inch, black, glossed with metallic green on the sides of the 
head and a bluer sheen elsewhere ; along the middle of the crown 
and occiput runs a comparatively narrow line of excessively narrow, 
more or less disintegrated, webbed, elongate feathers, of which the 
longest are over three inches in length, forming a conspicuous 
crest ; the rest of the neck all round, to just the base, pure white, 
with a conspicuous narrow black line down the centre of its 
hinder aspect ; at the base of the neck a light brownish-rufous, 
or pale brownish-chesuut band, extends all round, narrower 
behind and broadening into a crop-patch. This band is streaked 
