LARINZ. 423 
primaries are new and very dark brown, almost black, with only 
the basal half of the shafts white, and even that slightly tinged 
brown ; some of the secondaries, scapulars, coverts and feathers 
of the back are brown; the same dull pale umber as the first 
two primaries, and so are two of the tail feathers, while the whole 
of the rest of the wings and tail are of the same deep blackish 
brown as the third to the tenth primaries. What is noticeable 
is, that on the back and scapulars the paler brown feathers have 
no white tippings, which most probably have worn off, these 
feathers being the old ones, but all the dark feathers of these parts 
have narrow brownish white margins. The upper tail-coverts 
are conspicuously tipped with white, and the longer ones have 
two very broad slightly rufous or fulvous-white bars; the fore- 
head, crown, and occiput are dull pale wood-brown, here and 
there faintly tinged rufescent; the feathers with pretty broad 
blackish brown central streaks; the lores are greyish-white ; the 
feathers narrowly dark centred; the cheeks, ear-coverts and nape 
are white, more or less tinged with fulvous or buffy, with very 
narrow dark brown shaft-stripes ; the chin and throat white; the 
feathers of the base of the neck all round and the breast white, 
tinged in places fulvous, in places slightly rufescent, with a broad 
dark brown subterminal transverse band; the sides, flanks and 
lower tail-coverts are white, with broad brown transverse bars, 
which in some of the lower tail-coverts have a slight rufescent 
aureola ; the abdomen and vent are white, but on the sides of the 
abdomen there are faint traces of barrings similar to those of the 
breast and flanks; the axillaries are broadly barred, with somewhat 
greyish-brown and greyish-white ; the tibial feathers pure brown.” 
SuB-FAMILY, Larine. 
Bill long, straight above, and slightly curved at tip. 
Genus, Larus, Lin. 
Bill moderate, strong, compressed, cultrated, bent down at tip 5 
lower mandible angled beneath ; nostrils linear, lateral, longitu- 
dinal, pervious; tibia naked; tarsi moderate; toes palmated ; 
hind-toe free, short and high on the tarsus ; wings long. 
Larus cachinnans, Pall. 
978bis—Murray’s Vertebrate Zoology of Sind, p. 316. 
THE YELLOW-LEGGED HERRING GULL. 
Length, 23:0 to 25°75; expanse, 58 to 60; wing, 16°75 to 18; 
tarsus, 2°5 to 2°78; bill at front, 1°9 to 2°35. 
Bill yellow, red at tip beneath in summer ; in winter it is dull, 
yellow, whitish at tip, with a dark spot on both mandibles near 
the tip and an orange spot at the tip of the lower one.—Stray 
Feathers, Vol. I, p. 270. 
Summer plumage.—Entire head, neck all round, entire lower 
parts, upper tail-coverts and tail pure white; entire mantle and 
