122 LAND-BIRDS AND GAME-BIRDS 
heard both earlier and later in the year. It is apparently a 
delicately trilled whistle, but really a series of fine notes, as is 
proved by the fact that the birds open and. shut their bills, 
whilst emitting the sound. It closely resembles one of the 
Snow-bird’s whistles, and also the trill of the Swamp Sparrow. 
The Pine Warblers have also a chip, and a few weak notes, 
such as chip-a-see, and we-chée-we-chée-we-chée, which are not 
very expressive, and are not often heard. 
(KX) patmarum. ‘‘Red-poll” Warbler. Palm Warbler. ‘‘ Yel- 
low Red-poll.” 
(A common migrant through Massachusetts.) 
(a). About five inches long. Dull olive above, (obsoletely) 
streaked. Crown, reddish-crimson (or ‘‘chestnut”). Beneath, 
yellow, inconspicuously streaked on the breast with bright 
reddish-brown. ‘Tail-feathers with a few white blotches. (De- 
tails omitted.) 
(b). The nest is said to be placed on the ground, usually in 
a swampy locality. The eggs of each set are four (?) ; average 
about *70 X °55 of an inch; and are (creamy) white, with pur- 
plish, faint lilac, and reddish-brown markings, chiefly at the 
larger end. 
(c). The Yellow “‘ Red-polls” pass the summer in the North, 
almost entirely beyond the limits of New England, and the 
winter in the South, and consequently appear in Massachusetts 
as migrants only. They are usually common near Boston 
in the latter part of April, and the first week of May, as 
well as in the latter part of September, and sometimes the 
earlier part of October. Their favorite haunts are swamps and 
their neighborhoods, but they also frequent ‘ scrub,” hedge- 
rows, ploughed lands, gardens, and orchards. They almost 
invariably gather in loose flocks, and often associate with 
other warblers, and with various sparrows. They are much 
more terrestrial in their habits than any of their immediate 
relations (i.e., the Dendrece) and always are on or not very 
far from the ground. They fly quite gracefully, and are nimble 
when on the ground or when moving from branch to branch in 
