386 LAND-BIRDS AND GAME-BIRDS 
CHAPTER. Y. 
THE GAME-BIRDS. (SEE § 29.) 
§30. Tetraonidez. Grouse. 
I. TETRAO (CANACE) 
(A) canavensis.! Canada Grouse. ‘* Spruce Partridge.” 
(A resident of northern New England, but in Massachusetts 
accidental.) 
(a). About sixteen inches long. @, black; waved with a 
paler shade above, and extensively edged on the breast and 
sides with white. ‘* Eye-brow” red. Head and wings with a 
few white markings. Tail, usually of sixteen feathers, and 
broadly tipped with orange-brown. Brown markings sometimes 
occur elsewhere in the male, and in the female are persistently 
numerous. 
(b). The eggs, which are laid upon the ground, are described 
by Mr. Samuels as ‘of a beautiful yellowish-buff color, with 
spots and blotches of two shades of brown: one a purplish- 
brown; the other, a burnt sienna.” In size they differ but 
little from thosé of the Ruffed Grouse. 
(c). The Canada Grouse are common residents in many 
parts of northern New England, especially Northern Maine, 
but in Massachusetts they are of accidental occurrence, and I 
find records of only two captures in this State, one ‘‘in the 
hemlock woods of Gloucester, in September, 1851, another at 
Roxbury.” These birds are rare among the White Mountains, . 
so far as I know, as I have but occasionally seen them there. 
1 The White or Willow Ptarmigan (Zagopus albus) is said to occur as a winter 
visitant in Northern New Engl:nd. At this time it is characterized by the pure 
white plumage, and its black confined to the tail. In summer it is marked with 
black and browns. It is about sixteen inches long. An allied but ‘rather 
smiller” species, confined to Arctic America, has a slenderer bill, and, in the male, 
a black eye-stripe. The ptarmigans have feathered toes. 
N. B.—The Wild Turkey has for many years been exterminated in New Eng- 
land. : 
