442 APPENDIX. 
at first no distinct markings, but are easily recognized. The 
crown shows black, and then scarlet, very early. In Melanerpes 
erythrocephalus (Red-headed Woodpecker), at first ‘* young 
without any red, the head and neck being grayish streaked with 
dusky ; breast with an ashy tinge, and, streaked sparsely with 
dusky ; secondaries with two or three bands of black; dorsal 
region clouded with grayish.” (B. B. and R.) 
The owls (Strigide, § 26) belong more or less distinctly to 
the third class. The young of Nyctale are described as more 
or less brown beneath, where they are unmarked. Descriptions 
of the young hawks who are much unlike their parents (Falcon- 
ide, § 27) may be found with those of the adults. The young 
of our two pigeons (Columbidee, § 28) resemble at first the 
females. 
The adult birds of many species change their dress for the 
autumn and winter, so that the coloration is materially altered. 
During the winter-season (only), the males resemble the fe- 
males in the Blue Birds (Sialia sialis), a majority of our war- 
blers (several of whom lose an ashiness or grayness, observable 
above in spring), the tanagers (?), many of the finches (even 
several plainly-colored kinds), and some of the starlings, not- 
ably the Bobolinks (Dolichonyx oryzivorus). The male ‘Yel- 
low-rump” (Dendreca coronata) and Goldfinches (Chrysomi- 
tris tristis) become in autumn more or less brown, and remain 
so throughout the winter. 
I have now detailed the most important seasonal changes 
observable in the (insessorian) birds of New England. I have 
often quoted Dr. Coues, on account of his rank as an authority, 
-and the frequent terseness of his descriptions. 
