all 
2 INTRODUCTION. 
ing pages may be perfectly understood, I give the subjoined 
cuts, illustrating and explaining them : — 
H G | ie eae oe be A 
A represents the primary quills, usually called primaries. 
B represents the secondary quills, usually called secondaries. 
C spurious wing. 
}) wing coverts. 
E tertiary quills, usually called tertiaries. 
F represents the throat. 
G is the upper part of the throat, called the jugulum. 
His the bill or beak: this is divided into two parts, called the upper 
and lower mandibles. 
I is the frons, or forehead: feathers at this point are called frontal 
feathers. 
J is the crown: feathers here are called coronal feathers, and occipital. 
K represents the scapular feathers. 
L is the back: feathers here are sometimes called interscapular. 
M represents the tarsus: called shank or leg sometimes. 
N is the abdomen. 
© is the rump. 
P shows the upper tail coverts. 
Q indicates the position of the lower tail coverts. 
