THE PILEATED WOODPECKER. 99 
This excavation is often eighteen or twenty inches deep. It 
is not lined with any soft material, and the eges are depos- 
ited on chips of the wood left in the bottom. These are 
usually five in number; they are of a pure-white color, and 
small for the size of the bird, measuring from .82 to .86 inch 
in length, by from .74 to .77 inch in breadth. 
HYLATOMUS, Barrp. 
Dryotomus, MALHERBE, Mem. Ac. Metz. (1849) 822. (Not of Swainson, 1831.) 
Dryopicus, Bonar. Consp. Zygod. in Aten. Ital. (May, 1854). (Not of Malherbe.) 
Bill a little longer than the head; considerably depressed, or broader than high 
at the base; shaped much as in Campephilus, except shorter, and without the bristly 
feathers directed forwards at the base of the lower jaw; gonys about half the length 
of the commissure; tarsus shorter than any toe except the inner posterior; outer 
posterior toe shorter than the outer anterior, and a. little longer than the inner 
anterior; inner posterior very short, not half the outer anterior, about half the inner 
anterior one. t 
Tail long, graduated, the longer feathers much incurved at the tip; wing longer 
than the tail, reaching to the middle of the exposed surface of tail, considerably 
graduated, though pointed, the fourth and fifth quills longest. 
Color uniform black, with white patches on the side of the head; head with 
pointed crest. 
HYLATOMUS PILEATUS. — Baird. 
The Pileated Woodpecker; Log Cock. 
Picus pileatus, Linneus. Syst. Nat., I. (1766) 173. “Vieill. Ois. Am. Sept., II. 
(1807) 58. Wilson, Am. Orn., IV. (1811) 27. Aud. Orn. Biog., II. (1884) 74. 
DESCRIPTION. - 
Fourth and fifth quills equal and longest, third intermediate between the sixth 
and seventh; bill blue-black; general color of body, wings, and tail, dull greenish- 
black; a narrow white streak from just above the eye to the occiput, a wider one 
from the nostril feathers (inclusive) under the eye and along the side of the head and 
neck; side of the breast (concealed by the wing), axillaries, and under wing coverts, 
and concealed bases of all the quills, with chin and beneath the head, white, tinged 
with sulphur-yellow; entire crown, from the base of the bill to a well-developed 
occipital crest, as also a patch on the ramus of the lower jaw, scarlet-red; a few 
white crescents on the sides of the body and on the abdomen; iris very dark hazel. 
Female without the red on the cheek, and the anterior half of that on the top 
of the head replaced by black. 
Length, about eighteen inches; wing, nine and a half inches. 
This species is a resident in the northern districts of 
New England throughout the year. It has been known 
