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128 ORNITHOLOGY AND OOLOGY. 
Famity COLOPTERIDA®. Tue FLycatcuHers. 
Sub-Family Trranninz.— Tyrant Flycatchers. 
Bill broader than high at the base, much depressed, more or less triangular; cul- 
men nearly as long as the head, or shorter, straight to near the tip, then suddenly 
bent down into a conspicuous hook, with a notch behind it; tip of lower jaw also 
notched; commissure straight to near the notch; gonys slightly convex; nostrils 
oval or rounded in the anterior extremity of the nasal groove, and more or less 
concealed by long bristles which extend from the posterior angle of the jaws along 
the base of the bill, becoming smaller, but reaching nearly to the median line of the 
forehead; these bristles with lateral branches at the base; similar bristles mixed in 
the loral feathers and margining the chin; tarsi short, generally less than the middle 
toe, completely enveloped by a series of large scales which meet near the posterior 
edge of the inner side, and are separated either by naked skin or by a row of small 
scales. Sometimes a second series of rather large plates is seen on the posterior 
face of the tarsus; these, however, usually on the upper extremity only; basal joint 
of middle toe united almost throughout to that of the outer toe, but more than half 
free on the inner side; outer lateral toe rather the longer; wings and tail variable, 
first quill always more than three-fourths the second; the outer primaries sometimes 
attenuated near the tip. 
TYRANNUS, Couvirr. 
Tyrannus, CuviER, Lecons Anat. Comp., 1799-1800 (Agassiz). 
Tail nearly even, or moderately forked, rather shorter than the wings; the 
feathers broad, and widening somewhat at the ends; wings long and pointed; 
the outer primaries rather abruptly attenuated near the end, the attenuated portion 
not linear, however; head with a concealed patch of red on the crown. 
TYRANNUS CAROLINENSIS. — Baird. 
King-bird; Bee Martin. 
Lanius tyrannus, Linneus. Syst. Nat., I. (1766) 136. This belongs to the Cuban 
T. matutinus, according to Bonaparte. 
Muscicapa tyrannus (Brisson?), Wilson. Am. Orn., I. (1808) 66. Aud. Orn. 
Biog., I. (1882) 403; V. (1889) 420. Jb., Birds Amer., I. (1840) 204. 
DESCRIPTION. 
Two, sometimes three, outer primaries abruptly attenuated at the end; second 
quill longest, third little shorter, first rather longer than fourth, or nearly equal; 
tail slightly rounded, above dark bluish-ash; the top and sides of the head to 
beneath the eyes bluish-black; a concealed crest on the crown, vermilion in the 
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