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200 ORNITHOLOGY AND OOLOGY. 
ANTHUS LUDOVICIANUS, — Licht. 
The Tit-lark. 
Alauda Ludoviciana, Gmelin. Syst. Nat., I. (1788) 798. 
Anthus Ludovicianus, Licht. Verz. (1823), 87, No. 421. Aud. Syn. (1839), 94. 
Alauda rufa, Wilson. Am. Orn., V. (1812) 89. 
Anthus spinoletta, Audubon. Orn. Biog., I. (1832) 408, V. (1839), 449. Nutt. 
Man., I. (1832) 450. 
Anthus pipiens, Auduhon. Orn. Biog., I. (1832) 408, V. (1839) 449. 
DESCRIPTION. 
(Female, in spring.) Above olive-brown, each feather slightly darker towards 
the central portion; beneath pale dull-buff, or yellowish-brown, with a maxillary 
series of dark-brown spots and streaks across the breast and along sides; ring 
round the eye, and superciliary stripe yellowish; central tail feathers like the back, 
others dark blackish-brown, the external one white, except at the base within, a 
white spot at the end of the second; primaries edged with whitish, other quills with 
pale-brownish. 
Length, six and fifty one-hundredths inches; wing, three and forty-five one- 
hundredths inches; tail, two and ninety-five one-hundredths inches. 
Hab. —North America generally. Greenland (Reinhardt). Accidental in Eu- 
rope. 
HIS bird is a not uncommon fall and spring visitor in 
New England; and, in the southern parts of these 
States, in mild seasons, it remains through the entire winter. 
It is most frequently found in the neighborhood of the sea- 
coast or its large marshes, and in large tracts of level, dry, 
weedy pastures and fields. 
While with us, it flies in loose, detached flocks, in a jerk- 
ing, irregular sort of flight, uttering occasionally its feeble, 
lisping queét, queét. It seems always busily employed, 
either on the beach, in gathering the small shell-fish and 
animalcules thrown up by the tide, or, in pastures and 
stubble-fields, in gleaning the seeds of weeds and grasses: 
it also feeds upon spiders and such insects as it is able to 
find in the dead grass and weeds. 
As this species breeds in the most northern parts of the 
continent, I am unable to give any account of its breeding 
habits; and, having no egg in my collection, I can give 
no description of it here. Nuttall says the “nest is built 
in the fissures of cliffs, is composed of dry grass and a 
