THE CHESTNUT-SIDED WARBLER. 231 
and woods, and seem to be as much on the ground as in 
the trees. They depart for the South by the 10th or 
15th of October. 
DENDROICA PENNSYLVANICA. — Baird. 
The Chestnut-sided Warbler. 
Motacilla Pennsylvanica, Linneus. Syst. Nat., I. (1766) 333. 
Sylvia Pennsylvanica, Wilson. Am. Orn., I. (1808) 99. 
Sylvia icterocephala, Audubon. Orn. Biog., I. (1832) 306. Nutt. Man., I. 
(1882) 380. 
DESCRIPTION. 
Male. — Upper parts streaked with black and pale bluish-gray, which becomes 
nearly white on the forepart of the back; the middle of the back glossed with 
greenish-yellow; the crown is continuous yellow, bordered by a frontal and super- 
ciliary band, and behind by a square spot of white; loral region black, sending off 
a line over the eye, and another below it; ear coverts and lower eyelid and entire 
under parts pure-white, a purplish-chestnut stripe starting on each side in a line 
with the black moustache, and extending back to the thighs; wing and tail feathers 
dark-brown, edged with bluish-gray, except the secondaries and tertials, which are 
bordered with light yellowish-green; the shoulders with two greenish-white bands; 
three outer tail feathers with white patches near the end of the inner webs. 
Female like the male, except that the upper parts are yellowish-green, streaked 
with black; the black moustache scarcely appreciable. 
Length, five inches; wing, two and fifty one-hundredths inches; tail, two and 
twenty one-hundredths inches. 
This bird is a rather common summer inhabitant of all 
New England, being most plentiful in Massachusetts and 
the States south, and gradually growing more rare as we 
advance north. It makes its appearance from the South 
about the first to the middle of May, according to latitude, 
and commences to build about the last week in this month 
or the first in June. The nest is usually built in a small 
fork of a low tree, often in bushes, but a few feet from the 
ground. It is constructed of thin strips of pliable bark and 
fine grasses: these materials are bent and intwined together, 
and over the outside are pieces of caterpillar silk and cob- 
webs, which are plastered on, seemingly to give the fabric 
compactness and consistency. The nest is deeply hollowed, 
and lined with horsehairs and slender strips of the bark of 
