THE BLACK AND YELLOW WARBLER. 939 
mate spots; the spots on the under parts much fewer; upper parts dirty-ash, tinged 
with greenish on the lower back; on the rump dull-yellow. 
Male, in autumn. — Bill brown, lighter along the edges and base of lower man- 
dible; head and hind neck dirty-ash, tinged above with green; back greenish- 
yellow, obsoletely spotted with black; rump yellow; throat and breast yellow, 
obsoletely spotted with black, strongly tinged with light-ash on the lower throat; 
eyelids dirty-white; differs from the spring plumage in being without the black on 
the back, front, sides of the head and cheeks, and in a great degree on the under 
parts; much less white on the wing and side of the head; the colors generally 
also are duller. 
Female, in autumn.— Similar, generally, to the male in fall. Back greenish- 
yellow, brighter on the rump; rest of upper parts deep-ash; lower parts yellow, 
obsoletely streaked with black, the light-ash on the lower throat decided; the 
white on the wings reduced to two narrow bands. ‘There is a continuous white ring 
round the eye; bill light brown; basal part of lower mandible dirty-white; feet 
lighter brown. 
Specimens vary somewhat in the amount of black on the under parts. 
Length, five inches; wing, two and fifty one-hundredths; tail, two and twenty-five 
one-hundredths inches. 
This beautiful bird is not uncommon in the migrations 
in the three southern New-England States, and is a summer 
resident in the others. It does not make its appearance 
before the 10th of May, and 
proceeds slowly in its travels. 
I found numbers in Northern 
Maine and New Hampshire as 
late as the 17th of June. They 
were industrious, and seemed to 
be, at that late date, but just 
mating. Hence I infer that they 
rear but one brood, and not until 
late in the season. 
The note of the male is very 
similar to that of the Chestnut- 
sided Warbler; and I was de- 
ceived by it into mistaking this 
for that species. It had the hab- 
s 4 Upper fig., Yellow Warbler. 
its of that bird also, and seemed tower fig., Black and Yellow Warbler 
to prefer the low, swampy woods to the higher ones. 
Although I looked very carefully and diligently for the 
nest, I could not find it. From the fact that the birds were 
