Order 1. PASSERES. 
This edition of the Fauna follows its predecessor in beginning 
with the Passeres. The classification and further division of this 
Group presents more difficulties than all the rest put together. 
Briefly, the Passeres may be defined as follows :—Skull 
egithognathous (vomer truncated in front). Sternum with a 
large spina externa,and no spina interna. Clavicle with expanded 
free ends. Hypotarsus complex. 
Wing lacking the biceps and expansor secondariorum muscles. 
Thigh muscles having no accessory femorocaudal or abiens 
muscles present. *> 
Only one carotid—the left—is present. Ceca are vestigial. 
Oil-gland nude. Wing eutaxic. 
The arrangement of the Sub-Orders adopted here is that of 
Gadow (Bronn’s Thier-reichs, Bd. vi., ii. Syst. Theil, 1893). 
But the subdivision of the <Anisomyodi is based on that of 
Pyceratft (P. ZS. 1905-G6-7), his Oligomyodi answering in part to 
that of Huxley (P. Z. 8. 1867). 
Sus-ORDER. GROUP. FAMILY. SuB-Fami.y. 
is ; Eurylemidee. 
: Cotingide 
Clamatores Fir nl a 
. Philepittidx. 
Pipridee. 
| Tyrannide. 
- | | Oligomyodi pees 
ee lay Pe Se ie | Phytotomide. 
i 3 a. J . Oxyrhampide. 
ce | Anisomyodi ... 1% 
= ( Formicariide. 
wn Dendrocolaptide. 
= Furnariide ... .. Furnariine. 
aly Sclerurinz. 
a | Synallaxine. 
= , Margarornithine. 
Bi Tracheophone... + ; : 
A Phylidorhine. 
ao rn . - . 
2 Conopophagide... Conopophagine. 
Pteroptochine. 
Hylactine. 
Jf Menuridee. 
IDVaACr OM VOCIeten sen. eee bere Bes 
: | Oscines. 
| ; Xenicide. 
Having regard to the fact that the main divisions of the 
Passeres are based on the structure of the syrinx, a brief summary 
, 
