18 CORVID. 
Fig. 1.— Urocissa m. occipitalis. 
Family CORVID. 
The intrinsic muscles of the syrinx fixed to the ends of the 
bronchial semi-rings. The edges of both mandibles smooth, or 
the upper one simply notched; hinder aspect of tarsus smooth, 
composed of two entire longitudinal lamine ; wing with ten 
primaries; tongue non-tubular; nostrils clear of the line of 
forehead, the lower edge of the nostril generally nearer to the 
commissure than the upper edge is to the culmen; plumage of 
the nestling like that of the adult but paler; nostrils hidden by 
feathers and bristles; rectrices twelve; sexes absolutely alike ; 
an autumn moult only. 
In this family the first primary is long, exceeding half the 
length of the second, whilst the bill exceeds its depth in length. 
It contains the Crows, Magpies, Jays, Nutcrackers, and 
