CORVUS. Di. 
a. Plumage intensely black, feathers of 
hind neck firm and glossy with 
@listemime shafts. . 6. asc oes. ee ees C. corone, p. 24. 
b''. Plumage not so black, feathers of hind 
neck soft and decomposed with in- 
conspicuous shafts ............-... C. coronotdes, p. 25. 
b'. Lower plunsage intensely glossed with 
blue and purple, bill slender, face of 
SGU ROM cca craves cf exeys i che a ae ® «ie 6 C. frugilegus, p. 50. 
b. Hind neck grey or ashy, contrasting with : 
black crown. 
c’. Wing exceeding 300 mm.............+. C. cornia, p. 32. 
d’. Wing never as much as 300 mm. 
ec", Chin and throat deep black contrasting 
SOE EI OTE fine ey ef dao) =. ebay as ace ays. am v6 ». C. splendens, p. 32. 
d'’, Chin and throat grey like breast .... ©. monedula, p. 36. 
Corvus corax. 
Key to Subspectes. 
A. Plumage glossy black, the brown tint if 
present almost imperceptible. 
a. Wing averaging about 426 mm. Bill about 
71mm. Throat-hackles short.......... C. c. laurencet, p. 21. 
b. Wing averaging about 500 mm, Bill about 
81mm. Throat-hackles long .......... C.c. tibetanus, p. 23. 
B. Plumage very brown on neck, upper back and 
BUCA UATE uewios slayer Wiehe elise en eerca 5 C.c. ruficollis, p. 23. 
(1) Corvus corax laurencei. 
Tue Punsgasp Raven. 
Corvus laurenceti Hume, Lah. to Yark., p. 285 (1878) (Punjab). 
Corvus corav. Blanf. & Oates, i, p. 14 (1889). 
Vernacular names. Zhe European Raven; Domkak, Doda 
(Hind. in the N.W.); Kargh (Candahar). 
Description. Entirely black, glossed with steel-blue, purple 
and lilac; the throat-hackles short and not very conspicuous. 
Colours of soft parts. Iris brown; bill and legs shining black. 
Measurements. Length from about 600 to 620 mm.; wing 
from 400 to 440 mm.; tail about 240 mm.; tarsus about 60 mm. ; 
eulmen about 64mm. to 75mm. 
Distribution. Punjab, Bombay, United Provinces and N.W. 
Provinces, and a rare straggler into Kashmir and Central India. 
It occurs also in Sind, but in the N.E. of that province the 
Brown-necked Raven takes its place. 
Gutside of India the Punjab Raven is found through Baluchis- 
tan, S. Persia, Mesopotamia, Southern Asia Minor and Northern 
