CORVUS. 29 
larger than that of the Northern Indian race. In adults the 
bases of the feathers are generally pale and in some pure white. 
Colours of soft parts as in levaillanti. 
Measurements. Wing averaging over 330 im. and running 
up to as much as 368 in two birds, one from Simla and one from 
Sikkim. 
If birds from only the higher portions of their habitat were 
taken, the wing average would probably be well over 340 mm., but 
the average is gre atly decreased by late summer birds, w eke may 
well be visitors from the plains wandering into the hills after 
breeding. ‘Thus both in Murree and Mussoorie individuals oecur 
with wings of about 290 mm. and there is a specimen in the 
British Museum from Gilgit with a wing of only 285 mm. 
Distribution. The Himalayas from Afghanistan to Bhutan 
and ? Dafla Hills. 
Nidification. This form is essentially a jungle-breeder, though 
it may place its nest in forest not far from habitations. Round 
about Simla the deodar is a favourite nesting site, the nest being 
placed very high up and even better and more compactly built than 
that of the plains’ birds. The clutch is bigger also, five being not 
uncommon and six sometimes met with. The eges average 
44-8 x 30°0 min. and are much more richly and brightly coloured 
than are the eggs of the plains’ birds. The breeding season lasts 
from the middle of March to the end of May. 
Habits. The Himalayan Jungle-Crow is found from the foot- 
hills up to at least 10,000 feet, though it may not be common at 
this elevation. Birds from the hot country below 1,000 or even 
2,000 feet elevation are intermediate between the plains and the 
mountain forms and cannot be correctly assigned to either. 
This is, of course, the case in intermediate areas between 
geographical races of all species. 
The Ee peee bird is not so much addicted to haunting the 
vicinity of human habitations as is the Common Jungle-Crow and 
pairs may be found inhabiting stretches of forest far from any 
camp or village. Its voice is notably louder and deeper than 
that of the plains’ bird. 
(8) Corvus coronoides andamanensis. 
Tur AND AMAN J UNGLE-CRow. 
Corvus andamanensis Ty tler, Beavan, Ibis, 1866, p. 420 (Pt. Blair, 
Andamans). 
Corvus macrorhynchus. Blant. & Oates, i, p. 17. 
Vernacular names. Aak-sorai, Jungla Kak-sorai (Assamese) ; 
Hagrani Dao-ka (Cachari); Inrw-kak (Kacha Naga); Vo-hak 
(Kuki); Zaw-chegan (Burmese) ; Awal: (Siamese). 
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