GARRULUS. 61 
Nidification. Breeds from the middle of April to early June at 
heights between 4,000 and 8,000 feet, making a shallow cup-shaped 
nest of twigs and roots, more rarely of grass, lined with moss, 
fern rachides, or fine roots. It is generally placed in a small oak 
or other tree, 10 to 30 feet from the ground in thin forest. 
The eggs vary from three to six, generally four or five. In colour 
they vary from pale yellowish stone to pale greenish, finely stippled 
every Where with olive-brown and, more seldom, with a few hair- 
lines of black. They measure about 28°6 x 22-6 mm. 
Habits. The Black-throated Jay is a bird of forests but of the 
thinner more open parts, venturing often into comparatively un- 
wooded tracts. ° Like the European Jay its voice is loud, harsh 
and penetrating, and it is a noisy bird, more especially in the 
mornings and evenings in the breeding season. Itis omnivorous, 
eating fruit and insects, small mammals, birds and reptiles and 
other birds’ eggs. Its flight is like that of its European cousin 
and it indulges in the same flappings and contortions when on the 
wing. 
Garrulus leucotis. 
Key to Subspecies. 
A. Crown all black ...... PSEA OCk Rae Cea G. 1. leucotis, p. 61. 
B. Crown white, narrowly streaked with black ..  G. J. cates?, p. 62. 
(40) Garrulus leucotis leucotis. 
Tue BurMeEsr JAY. 
Garrulus leucotis Hume, P. A. 8. B., 1874, p. 106 (Kaukaryit) ; 
Blant. & Oates, i, p. 39. 
Vernacular names. None recoried. 
Description. Forehead and front of crown white, with brown 
shaft-streaks ; anterior crown and crest black; lores, feathers 
under the eves, ear-coverts, chin, throat and front of neck white : 
a broad moustachial streak black; back, rump and scapulars 
vinous brown, paler on the rump; breast the same as the back ; 
abdomen and flanks paler vinous brown; upper and under tail- 
coverts and vent white; tail black, barred with ashy towards the 
base; lesser and median wing-coverts like the back; winglet, 
primary-coverts, the outer greater coverts and the outer webs of 
most of the secondaries on their basal halves, bright blue banded 
with black ; remainder of greater coverts and quills black, the 
primaries with some portions of the outer web grey; the inner- 
most secondary partially chestnut. 
Colours of soft parts. Iris hazel-brown to dark brown or wood- 
brown ; bill almost black with pale or whitish tip; legs horny 
white to dull tlesh-colour, claws a little darker. 
Measurements, Total length about 300 to 325 mm.; wing 165 
to 177 mm.; tail about 130 mm.; tarsus about 45 mm.; culmen 
about 26 mm. 
