134 TIMALIID A. 
Fig. 26.—Garrulox 1. leucolophus. 
Family TIMALIID. 
The intrinsic muscles of the syrinx fixed to the ends of the 
bronchial semi-rings; the edges of both mandibles smooth or 
the upper one with a notch; hinder aspect of tarsus smooth, 
bilaminated ; wing with ten primaries; tongue non-tubular ; 
nostrils clear of the line of forehead, the lower edge of the nostril 
nearer to the commissure than the upper edge is to the culmen; 
plumage of the nestling like that of the adult female but paler ; 
-nostrils never entirely concealed from view although frequently 
covered by hairs or bristles; rictal bristles present; rectrices 
twelve ; inner and hind toes equal in length. 
The Family 7imaliide contains a very large number of birds, 
nearly all tropical and subtropical, which Oates called Crateropo- 
dide and which Harington raised to the rank of a suborder 
which he ealled Zimeliides. There are, of course, no grounds 
for this, as the 7imaliide are so close to other families that some 
ornithologists include with them such groups as the Thrushes 
and others. From these, however, they seem to me to be 
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