150 TIMALILDD. 
(132) Garrulax pectoralis pectoralis. 
THe InpIaAN Brack-Gorceren LaucHine-THrusH. 
Lanthocincla pectoralis Gould, P.Z.S., 1855, p. 186 (Nepal). 
Garrulax pectoralis. Blanf. & Oates, i, p. 80. 
Vernacular names. Ol-pho (Lepcha); Bura Penga (Bengal). 
Description. Forehead to tail and wing-coverts fulvous olive- 
brown; a broad collar on the hind neck brighter fulvous; tail like 
the back, the outer feathers broadly tipped with white and with 
subterminal bands of black: the middle tail-feathers uni-coloured 
and the next two pairs with black bands only; primary-coverts 
biack edged with hoary ; exposed parts of quills olive-brown, the 
earlier primaries edged with hoary ; lores and a narrow super cilium 
white ; ear-coverts “black and white or almost entirely white or 
entirely black ; a cheek-stripe from the gape, continued round the 
ear-coverts to the upper part of the eye, and a broad pectoral band, 
black; chin and throat whitish ; the remainder of the under parts 
fulvous, albescent on the abdomen. 
Colours of soft parts. Upper mandible dark horn-colour; 
the lower bluish-horn at the base and tip, dark brown in the 
middle; mouth bluish; iris yellow, orange-yellow or orange- 
brown ; eyelids and orbital skin dusky blue, edges of the eyelids 
orange- ‘yellow ; ; legs light to dark slaty-grey, claws pale horn. 
pee Une meEe: Total length about 330 to 340 mm.; wing 142 to 
150 mm.; tail about 180 mm.; tarsus about 49 mm.; culmen 
about 30 mm. 
Distribution. Nepal to E. Assam, North and South of the Brah- 
maputra, N. Burma and N. Shan States. 
Nidification. Breeds from the end of March to early June, 
many birds having second broods in July and August. The nests 
are large, loosely-built cups of leaves, bamboo leaves, grass, roots 
and stems of weeds, sometimes with moss added, and lined with 
finer roots, tendrils and fern stems. They may be placed in any 
thick bush, sapling or clump of bamboos, sometimes quite close to 
the ground, at other times 20 feet from it. The eggs are generally 
four in number, sometimes three and rarely five. In colour they 
are a rather deep blue-green, but quite pale ones are not un- 
common; rather long in shape, the texture is smooth and there 
is very little gloss. 200 eggs average 31:4 x 22°7 mm. ‘The 
extremes of size are 33°8x 227 + 29°2 x 24:1; 28:7x21°6 and 
30°2 x 20°9 mm. 
Habits. This Laughing-Thrush is a bird of low elevations; it 1s 
common in the plains near the hills and breeds principally below 
2,500 though it may be found up to 4,500 feet. It is very gre- 
garious, anil may often be seen associating with other Laughing- 
Thrushes, especially with the Necklaced Taughing- Thrush. They 
are not shy, but from their habit of keeping “much to dense 
