GARRULAX. 151 
undergrowth they are less often seen than heard, for they are 
as noisy as the rest of their family. They indulge in the same 
dances during the early part of the season and not infrequently at 
other times also, hopping about the ground, flirting and spreading 
their wings, bowing and performing like circus contortionists, all 
the time loudly applauding their own performances. 
(133) Garrulax pectoralis semitorquata. 
Tur BurMesp Brack-GorGetep LAuGHING-THRUSH. 
Garrulax semitorquata Ogilvie-Grant, Bull. B. O. C., x, p. 49 (1900) 
(Five-finger Mt., Hainan). 
Vernacular names. None recorded. 
Description. Differs from the last bird in having the tips to the 
tail-feathers buff instead of white and the pectoral band fre- 
quently interrupted in the centre. 
Colours of soft parts and Measurements as in the last bird. 
Distribution. S. Burma, S. Shan States, Yunnan, Siam and 
Hainan. 
Nidification and Habits as in pectoralis pectoralis. 50 eggs 
average 30°7 x 22:0 mm. 
(134) Garrulax moniliger moniliger. 
Tue Inpian Necxktacep Laucuine-THRUSH. 
Cinclosoma moniligera Hodgs., As. Res., xix, p. 147 (1836) (Nepal). 
Garrulax moniliger. Blanf. & Oates, i, p. 81. 
Vernacular names. Ol-pho(Lepcha); Piang-kam (Bhut.); Porera 
or Purirhi (Daphla) ; Chota penga (Bengali). 
Description. Differs from pectoralis in wanting the black cheek- 
stripe and in having the primary-coverts the same as the others, 
not black. The ear-coverts are black and white, varying much 
individually. 
Colours of soft parts. Iris pale yellow to bright yellow ; eyelids 
dull purple ; bill dark horn-colour, the tip and edges paler; legs 
light plumbeous, claws pale horn-colour. In young birds the eyes 
are greenish yellow or a pale washed-out blue. 
Measurements. Length about 300 to 310 mm.; wing 128 to 
128mm_; tail about 120 to 125 mm. ; tarsus about 43 mm.; culmen 
about 28 mm. 
Distribution. Practically the same as that of G. pectoralis 
pectoralis. 
Nidification. This Laughing-Thrush has breeding habits, season, 
elevation, etc., all identical with its larger cousin, pectoralis ; the 
nests are indistinguishable, but the eggs can be told by their smaller 
size. 200 eggs average about 28-4 x 21:3 mm., but the largest of 
