158 TIMALIID®. 
(143) Ianthocincla rufogularis rufogularis. 
Tur Rurous-cHtynep LAUGHING-THRUSH. 
Lanthocinela rufogularis Gould, P.Z.S8., 1835, p. 48 (Himalayas, 
Sikkim); Blant. & Oates, i, p. 86. 
Vernacular names. Narbigivan-pho (Lepcha). 
Description. Lores pure white; a large ring of grey round the 
eye; ear-coverts wholly black or tinged with rufous posteriorly ; 
forehead and crown black; cheeks and a large patch under the 
eye and ear-coverts mingled black and white ; a broad supercilium 
reaching to the nape, the sides of the neck and the whole upper 
plumage olive-green, tinged with fulvous and each feather of the 
hind neck, back and upper rump tipped with a lunate black bar ; 
wing-coverts olive-brown, the larger series broadly tipped with 
black ; primary-coverts dark brown margined with black; winglet 
ashy, tipped black ; earlier primaries hoary on the outer webs, the 
others with a black patch, increasing in extent whilst the basal 
portions change to olivaceous; outer secondaries with the outer 
webs olive-brown, broadly tipped with black and with a sub-tip 
white line ; inner secondaries olive-brown on both webs and tipped 
with black and white; tail rufescent, with deep rufous tips and 
black subterminal bands; poimt of chin rufous, throat white ; 
under tail-coverts deep chestnut ; remaining lower plumage ashy- 
brown, albescent on the abdomen and each feather, except on the 
last, spotted with black. 
Colours of soft parts. Iris brown or red-brown ; bill pale yellow- 
horny, darker at tip; legs dull fleshy-brown ; eyelids and orbital 
skin bluish. 
Measurements. Length about 225 to 235 mm.; wing about 
94 to 97 mm.; tail about 120mm.; tarsus about 34 mm.; culmen 
about 24mm. 
The young have the crown olive-brown, tipped with black; the 
whole chin white, and the black bars and spots above and below 
smaller. 
Distribution. Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan and the hills North of the 
Brahmaputra at least as far East as the Miri Hills North of 
Lakhimpur. 
Nidification. This bird breeds very commonly in Sikkim and 
round about Darjeeling in May, Juue and July, making a nest of 
small twigs, many tendrils, a few roots and sometimes a leaf 
or two, lined with fine roots. In some cases nothing but tendrils 
are used for the outer part of the nest. It is placed as a rule 
in a high bush or small tree, less often in a low bush. The eggs 
number two to four, generally three, and are pure white, not 
highly glossed, though very smooth and very fragile for their 
size. In shape they are long ovals and fifteen eggs average 
26°2 x 19°4 mm. 
A second brood is sometimes brought up as late as September. 
