IANTHOCINCLA. 159 
Habits. The Rufous-chinned Laughing-Thrush is found in 
pairs or in small parties of four and five and, like the rest of its 
relatives, haunts undergrowth, scrub and secondary growth, but 
always in forest or in its immediate vicinity. It is not a noisy 
bird, but has a large variety of notes, some of which are harsh 
and loud and some are soft and mellow ; its flight, when it can be 
forced to take to wing, is feeble and ill-sustained, but in clambering 
about bushes and reeds it is very active and equally so on the 
ground, where it seeks much of its food, both insect and seed. 
It is found as low as 2,500 feet, but is most common between 
4,000 and 6,000 feet, ascending as high as 8,000 feet. 
(144) Ianthocincla rufogularis assamensis. 
Harrert’s LaveHine-THRUSH. 
Lanthoemela rufogularis assamensis Hartert, Vig. Pal., i, p. 635 
(i910) (Margherita, Assam), 
Vernacular names. M-pa-pita (Trans-Diku Nagas). 
Description. Differs from typical rufogularis in having the 
whole chin and throat rufous and the ear-coverts almost all, or 
nearly all, rufous. 
Colours of soft parts as in rufogularis. 
Measurements. A rather smaller bird than rufogularis with 
wing about 91 to 94mm. 
Distribution. The whole of Assam south of the Brahmaputra as 
far South as the Lushai and Chittagong Hills and as far Bast 
as Lakhimpur and thence into the Chin Hills. 
Nidification. Breeds from 3,500 feet upwards throughout its 
habitat in May and June, with an oecasional second laying in 
August and September. The site selected is almost invariably 
a bush in heavy forest, though the part selected is always near an 
opening of some kind, river, road or a natural open glade. Nest 
and eggs like those of the preceding birds. 40 eggs average 
26-5 x 18°9 mm. 
Habits. Similar to those of rufogularis. 
(145) Tanthocincla rufogularis occidentalis, 
THE Kasumir Lavcuine-Turvsu. 
Lanthocincla rufogularis occidentalis Hartert, Vig. Pal. i, p. 635 
(1910) (Dehra Doon), 
Vernacular names. None recorded. 
Description. Similar to the Rufous-chinned Laughing-Thrush, 
but has the ear-coverts rusty-orange and the upper parts pale, 
more olive and less rufous. 
Colours of soft parts and Measurements the same as in the last. 
