TROCHALOPTERUM. 161 
like that of J. rufogularis, but seems to be generally placed 
in a low bush, or a tangle of canes or raspberry bushes quite 
close to the ground. The eggs, two or three in number, are 
pure white, fragile, with a very slight gloss, and 48 average about 
26°3 x 19:0 mm. 
Habits. I found the bird in the Khasia and Cachar Hills in 
rhododendron and stunted oak forest, going about in pairs or 
small family parties in the dense undergrowth. They were just 
as loath to take to wing as other members of this subfamily, and 
when forced to do so fluttered and sailed alternately to the next 
bit of cover, into which they tumbled headlong rather than 
settled. They kept up a continuous chatter, but were not particu- 
larly noisy. Those examined by me had eaten both insects and 
seeds, several containing masses of a small red ant, a most vicious 
biter. 
(147) Ianthocincla austeni victorie. 
T pre Coin Hitts Laveuine-TarusH. 
Lanthocincla victorie Rippon, Bull. B.O.C., xvi, p. 47 (1906) 
(Mt. Victoria). 
Vernacular names. None recorded. 
Description. Differs from the Cachar bird in being more olive 
and less red above and in having the lower parts much paler and 
whiter, each feather being edged with white. 
Colours of soft parts as in the last. 
Measurements. Total length 244 mm.; wing 94mm. (/ppon). 
Distribution. South Chin Hills. 
Nidification unknown. 
Habits. A bird of high elevations, only found between 7,000 
and 10,000 feet. 
Genus TROCHALOPTERUM Hodgson, 1845. 
The genus T'rochalopterum differs from the preceding genera in 
having the base of the bill quite devoid of all bristles and hairs, 
the nostrils and their membranes being free and exposed. In _ 
other respects it is quite typical of the subfamily. 
The bill varies a good deal in length and stoutness, and the 
nostrils in some are oval and exposed, whilst in others they are long 
and narrow and partly covered by a membrane. Oates and 
Harington point out that those birds with short, stout bills lay 
unspotted eggs, whilst those with slender bills and long linear 
nostrils lay spotted eggs. This is true, but, on the other hand, 
birds of the group of Laughing-Thrushes with the curious wing- 
speculum, probably an older feature than bill and nostril, all lay 
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