TROCHALOPTERUM. aE 
Nidification. Breeds in the Kachin Hills in Apri and May, 
making a typical Laughing-Thrush’s nest of bamboo Jeaves and 
grass, mixed with a few roots and other leaves and lined with the 
former. They are, as usual, cup-shaped, and are placed either in 
bushes or low down against trees in the dense undergrowth of 
ravines in forest growing in valleys over 6,000 feet elevation. The 
eggs are unlike any others of this family and have a pure white 
ground sparingly spotted and blotched with reddish-brown ornearly 
black spots; they are in fact exactly like Golden Orioles’ eggs. 
Fifteen eges average 28°7 x 20°7 mm. 
Habits. This very handsome Y'rochalopterum is only found at 
heights from 5,000 to 8,000 feet, frequenting the most dense 
of undergrowth, in which it skulks about in small parties or pairs, 
being heard much more often than seen; at the same time, 
according to Harington, they are as inquisitive as noisy, and if 
one remains hidden, the birds soon show themselves in the 
attempt to make out the intruder. 
(160) Trochalopterum subunicolor subunicolor. 
Tur Prain-cotourepD LavGHinG-THRUSH. 
Trochalopterum subunicolor (Hodgs.), Blyth, J. A. 8. B., xii, p. 952 
(1843) (Nepal) ; Blanf. & Oates, i, p. 94. 
Vernacular names. Varmal-pho (Lepeha) ; Nabom (Bhut.). 
Description. Forehead, crown and nape dark ashy-brown, the 
forehead tinged with fulvous; sides of neck and whole upper 
plumage olive-brown, each feather margined with brown; middle 
tail-feathers olive-brown, the others black suffused with olive- 
yellow on the outer webs and tipped with white; wing-coverts 
olive-brown ; primary-coverts dark brown ; visible winglet ashy- 
yellow; primaries brown with the outer webs grey; outer 
secondaries with an increasing amount of yellow ; inner secondaries 
olive-brown tinged with yellow and tipped with white; cheeks, 
chin and throat like the back, but darker and with a few white 
tips to the feathers of the face; under plumage olive-brown, 
tinged with fulvous on the abdomen and all the feathers margined | 
with black, except on under tail-coverts and thighs. 
Colours of soft parts. Bill dusky; legs reddish brown ; iris 
red-brown (Jerdon) ; iris yellowish grey (Blanf.). 
Measurements. Length about 230 mm.; wing 90 to 95 mm. ; 
tail about 100 to 105 mm.; tarsus about 35 mm.; culmen about 
18 mm. 
Distribution. Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan and hills North of the 
Brahmaputra as far as the Dibang. 
Nidification. According to Hodgson this Laughing-Thrush 
preeds in Nepal in the months of April, May and June, making a 
cup-shaped nest of grass and moss lined with bamboo leaves, 
which it builds in bushes and trees, close to the ground, in cpen 
